Agronomic Performance, Stability Analysis and Evaluation of Anthracnose Disease Resistance of Common Bean Lines Derived by Marker-Assisted Backcrossing in Uganda
The present study focused on evaluating the agronomic performance, stability, and anthracnose resistance of common bean lines derived through Marker-Assisted Backcrossing in Uganda. Eight marker-assisted selection (MAS) backcross-derived bush bean lines with red seed types, alongside two checks, were evaluated in a randomized complete block design replicated two times in five locations for three consecutive crop-growing seasons in 2021 and 2022. The study aimed to identify lines with both high stable yields and enhanced resistance to anthracnose disease for potential release and utilization in future bean varietal development in Uganda. Agronomic traits, including days to 50% flowering, days to 90% physiological maturity, seed yield, seed yield components, and anthracnose disease reaction under natural infestation were assessed. The response to anthracnose disease was further assessed using six isolates of Colletotrichumlindemuthianumrepresenting six different races. Results indicated that the agronomic performances of the MAS backcross-derived bush bean lines were statistically comparable to the recurrent parent NABE14. Specifically, six lines exhibited statistically equal to or higher performance than NABE14 in terms of seed yield, total number of seeds and number of pods per plant. The combined analysis of variance for seed yield showed significant (p < 0.05) effects for all the sources of variation except genotype × location interaction. Genotype main effect plus genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplots explained 86.56% of the total observed variation for the seed yield. Within this, 64.12% was attributed to the first principal component (PC1), while the second principal component (PC2) explained 22.44%. UGKT-B157-4 emerged as the top-performing genotype, being both high-yielding and stable. Positioned closer to the “ideal genotype” in the GGE biplot, UGKT-B157-4 outperformed others, winning in four out of the five test environments. Furthermore, UGKT-B157-4 exhibited resistance to anthracnose under both natural field infestation and artificial inoculation. The observed resistance pattern was similar to that of G2333, the donor parent in the backcross indicating the presence of the Co-42 and Co-5 anthracnose resistance genes in the derived line. In conclusion, UGKT-B157-4, identified as the best-performing and stable genotype, demonstrates promise for release and use in future bean varietal development in Uganda, offering a combination of high yields and enhanced anthracnose disease
References
[1]
Gepts, P. (2001) Phaseolus vulgaris (Beans). 1-3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278304151_Phaseolus_vulgaris_Beans
[2]
Broughton, W.J., Hernández, G., Blair, M., Beebe, S., Gepts, P. and Vanderleyden, J. (2003) Beans (Phaseolus spp.)-Model Food Legumes. Plant and Soil, 252, 55-128. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024146710611
[3]
Crops in Color. Beans. One of the Ultimate Survival Foods. https://www.croptrust.org
[4]
Stefania, S., Vaiknoras, K., Smale, M., Jamora, N., Andrade, R., Wenzl, P. and Labarta, R. (2019) The Contribution of the CIAT Genebank to the Development of Iron-Biofortified Beans and Well-Being of Farm Households in Rwanda. Genebank Impacts Brief No. 4. In: Jamora, N., Smale, M. and Major, M., Eds., Genebank Impacts Briefs Series, CGIAR Genebank Platform and the Crop Trust, Bonn, Germany 1-4.
[5]
Larochelle, C., Katungi, E. and Cheng, Z. (2016) Household Consumption and Demand for Bean in Uganda: Determinants and Implications for Nutrition Security. The 5th International Conference of the African Association of Agricultural Economists, Addis Ababa, 23-26 September 2016, 1-26. https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/246457
[6]
CASA (2020) Beans Sector Strategy-Uganda. CASA Uganda Country Team. Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness. 1-30.
[7]
Wortmann, C.S., Kirkby, R.A., Eledu, C.A. and Allen, D.J. (1998.) Atlas of Common Bean (Phaseolusvulgaris L.) Production in Africa. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, 131 p. (CIAT Publication No. 297) http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_CIAT/Atlas_common_bean_Africa.pdf
[8]
Buruchara, R., Mukankusi C. and Ampofo, K. (2010) Bean Disease and Pest Identification and Management. CIAT Publication No. 371. Handbooks for Small Scale Seed Producers 4, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance (PABRA), Cali, 4-36.
[9]
Opio, F., Ugen, M.A., Kyamanywa, S., David, S. and Mugisha, M.M. (2001) Beans. In: Mukiibi, J.K., Ed., Agriculture in Uganda Vol. II. Crops, National Agricultural Research Organisation, Kampala, 162-187.
[10]
Nkalubo, S. (2006) Study of Anthracnose (Colletotrichumlindemuthianum) Resistance and Its Inheritance in Ugandan Dry Bean Germplasm. PhD Dissertation, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg.
[11]
Alzate-Marin, A.L., Arruda, K.M., Souza, A.K., Barros, G.E. and Moreira, M.A. (2004) Introgression of Co-42 and Co-5 Anthracnose Resistance Genes into “Carioca” Common Bean Cultivars. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 4, 446-451. https://doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.v04n04a11
[12]
Mutlu, N., Miklas, P.N., Reiser, J. and Coyne, D. (2005) Backcross Breeding for Improved Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight in Pinto Bean (Phaseolusvulgaris L.). Plant Breeding, 124, 282-287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2005.01078.x
[13]
Yan, W. and Kang, M.S. (2003) Genotype-by-Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis. In: GGE Biplot Analysis: A Graphical Tool for Breeders, Geneticists, and Agronomists, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 3-9. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420040371
[14]
Tadesse, T., Tekalign, A., Mulugeta, B. and Sefera, G. (2018) Evaluation of the Effect of Genotype, Environment and Genotype x Environment Interaction on White Common Bean Varieties Using Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) Analysis in the Midaltitude of Bale Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 13, 338-344. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2017.12823
[15]
Mutari, B., Sibiya, J., Gasura, E., Kondwakwenda, A., Matova, P.M. and Chirwa, R. (2022) Genotype x Environment Interaction and Stability Analyses of Grain Yield and Micronutrient (Fe and Zn) Concentrations in Navy Bean (Phaseolusvulgaris L.) Genotypes under Varied Production Environments. Field Crops Research, 286, Article ID: 108607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108607
[16]
Yan, W. and Tinker, N.A. (2006) Biplot Analysis of Multi-Environment Trial Data: Principles and Applications. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 86, 623-645. https://doi.org/10.4141/P05-169
[17]
Gauch, H.G. (2013) A Simple Protocol for AMMI Analysis of Yield Trials. Crop Science, 53, 1860-1869. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2013.04.0241
[18]
Awale, H.E. and Kelly, J.D. (2001) Development of SCAR Markers Linked to Co-42 Gene in Common Bean. Annual Report of Bean Improvement Cooperative, 44, 119-120.
[19]
Vallejo, V. and Kelly, J.D. (2001) Development of a SCAR Marker Linked to Co-5 Locus in Common Bean. Annual Report of the Bean Improvement Cooperative, 44, 121-122.
[20]
Van Schoonhoven, A. and Pastor-Corrales, M.A. (1987) Standard System for the Evaluation of Bean Germplasm. CIAT, Cali, 54 p.
[21]
Nkuboye, A. (2023) Diversity of the Bean Anthracnose Pathogen, Colletotrichumlindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magn.) from Major Bean Agroecological Zones of Uganda. M.Sc. Thesis, Makerere University, Kampala.
[22]
Mwesigwa, J.B. (2009) Diversity of Colletotrichumlindemuthianum and Reaction of Common Bean Germplasm to Anthracnose Disease. M.Sc. Thesis, Makerere University, Kampala.
[23]
Ragagnin, V.A., Souza, T.L.P.O., Sanglard, D.A., Arruda, K.M.A., Costa, M.R., Alzate-Marin, A.L., Carneiro, J.E.S., Moreira, M.A. and Barros, E.G. (2009) Development and Agronomic Performance of Common Bean Lines Simultaneously Resistant to Anthracnose, Angular Leaf Spot and Rust. Plant Breeding, 128, 156-163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2008.01549.x
[24]
Olivoto, T. and Lúcio, A.D.C. (2020) metan: An R Package for Multi-Environment Trial Analysis. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 11, 783-789. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13384
[25]
Olivoto, T. (2023) metan: Multi Environment Trials Analysis, Version 1.18.0. https://github.com/TiagoOlivoto/metan
[26]
Baenziger, P.S. and Hain, P. (2023) Advanced Backcross Breeding. The Plant and Soil Sciences e-Library (PASSeL).
[27]
Rocha, G.S., Pereira, L.P.L., Carneiro, P.C.S., Paula Júnior, T.J. and Carneiro, J.E.S. (2012) Common Bean Breeding for Resistance to Anthracnose and Angular Leaf Spot Assisted by SCAR Molecular Markers. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 12, 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-70332012000100005
[28]
Barili, L.D., Vale, N.M., Prado, A.L., Carneiro, J.E.S., Silva, F.F. and Nascimento, M. (2015) Genotype-Environment Interaction in Common Bean Cultivars with Carioca Grain Cultivated in Brazil in the Last 40 Years. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 15, 244-250. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332015v15n4a41
[29]
Tadesse, T., Tekalign, A., Mulugeta, B. and Sefera, G. (2017) Identification of Stability and Adaptability of Small Red Bean Cultivars Using AMMI Analysis. Plant, 5, 99-103. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20170506.13
[30]
Mwiinga, B., Sibiya, J., Kondwakwenda, A., Musvosvi, C. and Chigeza, G. (2020) Genotype x Environment Interaction Analysis of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Grain Yield across Production Environments in Southern Africa. Field Crops Research, 256, Article ID: 107922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107922
[31]
Khatik, C.L., Khan, M., Chandra, K. and Dhaka, S.R. (2023) GGE Biplot Analysis in Mung Bean (Vigna radiate) Genotypes for Seed Yield under Zone-IIa in Rajasthan-India. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science, 35, 384-391. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193565
[32]
Yan, W., Kang, M.S., Ma, B., Woods, S. and Cornelius, P.L. (2007) GGE Biplot vs. AMMI Analysis of Genotype-by-Environment Data. Review and Interpretation. Crop Science, 47, 641-653. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2006.06.0374
[33]
Olivoto, T. and Lúcio, A. D.C. (2020) Supplementary Material for metan: An R Package for Multi-Environment Trial Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.14.906750
[34]
Namayanja, A., Tukamuhabwa, P., Opio, F., Ugen, M.A., Kimani, P.M., Babirye, A., Kitinda, X., Kabayi, P. and Takusewanya, R. (2003) Selection for Low Soil Fertility Bean Tolerant to Root Rot. Bean Improvement Co-Operative, 46, 95-96.
[35]
Namayanja, A., Nchimbi, M.S., Buruchara, R. and Namusoke, A. (2014) Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Pythium Root Rot Disease in Common Bean (Phaseolusvulgaris L.) Genotypes. Journal of Crop Improvement, 28, 184-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2013.863815
[36]
Namayanja, A., Semoka, J., Buruchara, R., Nchimbi, S. and Waswa, M. (2014) Genotypic Variation for Tolerance to Low Soil Phosphorous in Common Bean under Controlled Screen House Conditions. Agricultural Sciences, 5, 270-285. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2014.54030
[37]
Kang, M.S. (2020) Genotype-Environment Interaction and Stability Analyses: An Update. Kansas State University, Manhattan.
[38]
Gravois, K.A., Moldenhauer, K.A.K. and Rohman, P.C. (1990) GE Interaction for Rice Yield and Identification of Stable, High-Yielding Genotypes. In: Kang, M.S., Ed., Genotype-by-Environment Interaction and Plant Breeding, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, 181-188.
[39]
Yan, W. and Tinker, N.A. (2005) An Integrated Biplot Analysis System for Displaying, Interpreting, and Exploring Genotype x Environment Interaction. Crop Science, 45, 1004-1016. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.0076
[40]
Gauch, H.G. and Zobel, R.W. (1997) Identifying Mega-Environments and Targeting Genotypes. Crop Science, 37, 311-326. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1997.0011183X003700020002x
[41]
Vallejo, V. and Kelly, J.D. (2009) New Insights into the Anthracnose Resistance of Common Bean Landrace G2333. The Open Horticulture Journal, 2, 29-33. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874840600902010029
[42]
Costa, M.R., Tanure, J.P.M., Arruda, K.M.A., Carneiro, J.E.S., Moreira, M.A. and Barros, E.G. (2010) Development and Characterization of Common Black Bean Lines Resistant to Anthracnose, Rust and Angular Leaf Spot in Brazil. Euphytica, 176, 149-156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-010-0196-x
