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进化心理学视角下的女性自我客体化
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Abstract:
女性自我客体化作为一种由性客体化经历引发的普遍现象对女性的健康与幸福造成诸多负面影响。客体化理论从近端的角度解释了社会化是女性自我客体化的直接原因。进化心理学从远端的角度解释了女性对资源的追求是女性自我客体化的根本原因。这两种互补的解释能够让我们更全面地理解女性的自我客体化。从进化心理学的视角，资源对女性的繁衍成功具有不可或缺的进化意义，虽然在不同的环境中，女性获取资源的方式不同，但是在性客体化文化之下，女性在择偶市场与劳动市场对资源的成功获取在很大程度上取决于女性的外貌。基因–文化协同进化理论能够解释这个现象存在的原因。对于女性自我客体化的缓和需要社会文化更加关注女性的内在品质，不以女性的外貌或身体的价值作为女性的整体价值，不将女性视为由他人来评判的客体。
As a general phenomenon triggered by the experiences of sexual objectification, women’s self-objectification impacts negative effects on women’s health and well-being. The objectification theory and the evolutionary psychology respectively attribute the women’s self-objectification to the process of socialization from the perspective of proximate explanation and resource pursuit from the perspective of ultimate explanation. From the perspective of evolutionary psychology, resource is of an indispensable meaning for human females’ reproductive success. Although the way to gain re-sources among women varies under different circumstances, under the culture of sexual objectification, women’s success in gaining resources in the mating or labor markets depends much on their appearance. The gene-culture co-evolution theory could explain the reason why such a phenomenon exists. The solution of women’s self-objectification involves paying more attention to women’s inner personality quality, not substituting the value of a woman’s appearance or body for her whole value, and not treating women as objects to be judged by others.
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