国际投资仲裁裁决的既判力研究
Study on Res Judicata in International Investment Arbitral Awards

国际投资仲裁屡遭各方猛烈抨击的主要原因是投资仲裁庭对相同问题一再做出不一致的裁决。对此，学者们提出了包括引入上诉机制和建立裁决先例制度在内的建议，为确保裁决结果的一致性建言献策。但在某些情况下，适用既判力原则是确保仲裁裁决一致性的有效手段。关于既判力的适用标准，传统的“三重因素一致”标准在两大法系中得到广泛认可。文章立足国际投资仲裁裁决具有既判力的前提，同时对传统既判力的适用标准提出不同观点，最后结合具体案例分析了国际投资仲裁裁决既判力的实际问题，并找出了适当合理的解决办法。
One of the main reasons why international investment arbitration has come under heavy criticism is that investment arbitral tribunals have repeatedly issued inconsistent awards on the same issues. In this regard, scholars have put forward proposals, including the introduction of an appeal mechanism and the establishment of a precedent system for awards, to ensure consistency in the outcome of awards. However, in some cases, the application of the principle of res judicata is an effective means of ensuring the consistency of arbitral awards. With regard to the application standard of res judicata, the traditional “triple identity” standard is widely recognized in two legal systems. This article is based on the premise that international investment arbitral awards have res judicata, while putting forward different views on the application standard of traditional res judicata, and finally analyzing the practical problems of res judicata of international investment arbitral awards in the light of specific cases, and identifying appropriate and reasonable solutions.