“现实的个人”——马克思的“唯物史观”的开端
The “Real Individual” —The Beginning of Marx’s “Historical Materialism”

《德意志意识形态》是马克思系统阐述其唯物史观的著作，而唯物史观的开端乃是“现实的个人”。唯有基于“现实的个人”，才有望理解马克思试图论证人的本质特征乃是自由，并且生产力并非作为桎梏人自由的产物，而是人自由潜能的体现。而意识形态的批判的根本目的，在于指明那些遮蔽人的潜能和自由的社会关系。
“The German Ideology” is Marx’s systematic exposition of his materialist conception of history, which begins with the “Real Individual”. It is only on the basis of the “real individual” that it is pos-sible to understand Marx’s attempt to argue that the essential characteristic of the human being is freedom, and that the productive forces do not act as a shackle on human freedom, but rather as an expression of its potentiality. And the fundamental purpose of the critique of ideology is to point out the social relations that obscure human potential and freedom.