支气管哮喘的中西医诊疗进展
Progress in Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment of Bronchial Asthma

支气管哮喘(bronchial asthma, BA)是一种以气道慢性炎症为基本特征的异质性疾病，由多种细胞和细胞组分参与，包括结构细胞、功能细胞、细胞因子等。临床表现为反复发作的喘息、气急，伴或不伴胸闷、咳嗽等症状，同时可伴气道高反应性和可逆的气流受限。在我国，一项中国成人肺部健康研究报告提示我国20岁以上人群哮喘患病率为4.2%，哮喘患病率有逐年增长的趋势，但疾病的总体控制率偏低，而现代医学对于BA的发病原因及机制尚不完全清楚，目前大多采取对症治疗，常见的治疗药物主要为糖皮质激素、β2受体激动剂、茶碱、白三烯调节剂、抗胆碱能药、生物靶向药、过敏原特异性免疫疗法等。虽然有一定的治疗效果，但副作用显著。而中医药以辨证施治为原则，通过方药随证加减做到用药个体化，在改善症状、延缓疾病进展方面具有独特优势。现将查阅近年来相关文献，从对BA中西医研究的认识和治疗等方面的研究概况进行探讨并综述如下。
Bronchial asthma (BA) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, involving multiple cells and cellular components, including structural cells, functional cells, cyto-kines, and so on. The clinical manifestations include recurrent wheezing, shortness of breath, with or without chest tightness, cough, and other symptoms, as well as airway hyperresponsiveness and reversible airflow restriction. In China, a research report on adult lung health in China suggests that the prevalence of asthma in the population aged 20 and above is 4.2%. The prevalence of asthma is increasing year by year, but the overall control rate of the disease is relatively low. However, mod-ern medicine is not fully clear about the causes and mechanisms of BA, and currently, most people adopt targeted treatment. The common treatment drugs are mainly glucocorticoids β2 receptor agonists, theophylline, leukotriene modulators, anticholinergic drugs, biologically targeted drugs, allergen specific immunotherapy, etc. Although it has a certain therapeutic effect, the side effects are significant. Traditional Chinese medicine, based on the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment, achieves personalized medication through the addition and subtraction of prescrip-tions according to the symptoms. It has unique advantages in improving symptoms and delaying disease progression. We will now review relevant literature in recent years to explore and summa-rize the research overview on the understanding and treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in BA.