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信号抑制假说中的抑制效应与目标特征增强效应
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Abstract:
有限的注意资源无法将外界的各种刺激全部接收，需要对其进行选择。除了传统的刺激驱动理论和目标驱动理论对其进行解释，还有将二者结合起来进行分析的信号抑制假说。信号抑制假说认为，显著干扰物会产生“注意我”的信号试图捕获注意，如果显著刺激与任务要求不符，这个信号就会被自上而下的注意控制抑制，注意捕获便不会真正发生。近年来已有行为证据和电生理证据给信号抑制假说提供了支持，证明显著刺激确实可以被主动抑制，但是依旧无法明确其中的抑制效应和目标特征增强效应各自发挥多少作用。未来还需要进一步研究以区分在视觉注意捕获和非视觉因素的参与下两个效应的作用，适用范围等。
Limited attention resources cannot receive all kinds of stimuli from the outside world, so it is necessary to choose them. In addition to the traditional stimulus-driven theory and goal-driven theory to explain it, there is a signal inhibition hypothesis which combines the two theories. The signal suppression hypothesis holds that significant distracters will produce “notice me” signals in an attempt to capture attention. If significant stimuli are inconsistent with task requirements, this signal will be suppressed by top-down attention control, and attention capture will not ac-tually occur. In recent years, behavioral evidence and electrophysiological evidence have pro-vided support for the signal inhibition hypothesis, proving that significant stimuli can indeed be actively suppressed, but it is still unclear how much role the inhibitory effect and target feature enhancement effect play respectively. In the future, further studies are needed to distinguish the role and scope of application of the two effects in visual attention capture and the participation of non-visual factors.
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