《巴黎协定》下全国统一碳排放权交易机制优化研究
Study on the Optimization of National Unified Carbon Emission Trading Mechanism under the Paris Agreement

全球气候变化治理体系呈现制度复合体碎片化，《巴黎协定》基于共区原则、公平原则建立“自下而上”的“国家自主贡献”减排机制改变了京都时代的碳市场治理体系，国际碳排放权交易市场迎来革新。《巴黎协定》下全球自愿合作的碳市场新模式对国际与中国国内碳市场均存在挑战，中国应坚持发展中国家的立场与定位，积极发挥大国优势与气候治理引导作用，争取碳定价话语权和国际碳交易市场影响力。通过分析全国统一碳市场的实践成就与不足，厘清全国碳市场面临的机遇与风险，结合国际碳市场的成功经验，应加快完善全国统一碳排放权交易市场机制优化，从全国统一碳市场的顶层设计、初始分配、价格调控等方面探讨改进空间，深入推进“双碳”目标的完成，为全球性碳市场的治理提供发展中国家应对路径。
The global climate change governance system presents a fragmented institutional complex. The Paris Agreement established a “bottom-up” “nationally determined contribution” emission reduction mechanism based on the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities and equity, which has changed the carbon market governance system in the Kyoto Protocol era. The international carbon emission trading market has ushered in innovation. The new global carbon market model of voluntary cooperation under the Paris Agreement poses challenges to both the international and domestic carbon markets. China should adhere to the position and orientation of developing countries, actively play the advantages of major countries and the guiding role of climate governance, and strive for the right to speak on carbon pricing and the influence of the international carbon trading market. By analyzing the practical achievements and deficiencies of the national unified carbon market, the opportunities and risks faced by the national carbon market are clarified, combined with the successful experience of the international carbon market, we should speed up the optimization of the national unified carbon emission trading market mechanism, starting from the top level of the national unified carbon market design, initial allocation, price regulation, will explore room for improvement, further promote the completion of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, and provide developing countries with a response path for the governance of the global carbon market.