论公平责任的法律适用——基于对《民法典》1186条的分析
On the Legal Application of Equitable Liability—Based on the Analysis of Article 1186 of the “Civil Code”

我国《民法典》第1186条对公平责任的规定发生了变化，一定程度上对公平责任的适用范围加以了限制。对于公平责任的适用在过去的数十年的司法实践中，始终存在着适用主体泛化、损失分担数额不确定、以及赋予法官的自由裁量权过大等问题，一定程度上也造成该规则的滥用。《民法典》第1186条的修改，对于公平责任的适用范围进行了一定的限缩。对于公平责任，我们需要认识到其在我国的制度建设中发挥着一定的积极作用，并探讨解决公平责任在我国司法领域适用中存在的问题和解决途径，以完善该项制度。
Article 1186 of our country “Civil Code” to the provision of the general clause of the equity liability has changed, to a certain extent to restrict the applicable scope of the equity liability. In the past decades of judicial practice, there have always been some problems, such as the generalization of the subject of application, the uncertainty of the amount of loss sharing, and the excessive discretion granted to judges, which have also resulted in the abuse of the rule to a certain extent. The amendment of Article 1186 of the “Civil Code” limits the scope of application of equitable liability. We need to recognize that they play a positive role in our system construction, and discuss to solve the problems and solutions in the application of the fair liability in our judicial field to perfect this system.