As an extended period of unusually dry weather conditions without
sufficient rain, drought poses enormous risk on societies. Characterized by the
absence of precipitation for long periods of
time, often resulting in water scarcity,droughts are increasingly posing significant environmental challenges. Drought is therefore considered an important element in the management of water resources, especially groundwater resources
during drought. This study therefore sought to investigate the rainfall
variability and the frequency of drought for the period 1991 to 2020 in Bamako
based on monthly rainfall data from Bamako-Senou gauge station. The
standardized precipitation index (SPI) for 12-month, 6-month and 3-month
timescales and the SPI for annual totals were used to characterized drought in
the study area (Bamako). Univariate parametric
probability distributions such as Normal, Log-normal, Gumbel type I and
Pearson type III (P3) distributions were fitted with drought variables (severity and duration) for future planning
and management. Non-parametric test such as Mann-Kendall trend test was
also used to detect trend in annual rainfall data. The results showed that
based on 12-month SPI, Bamako experienced
two (02) extreme droughts one in July 2002 (SPI = -2.2165) and another
in June 2015 (SPI = -2.0598 QUOTE SPI=-2.0598). Drought
years represented 46.67% for the overall periods according to the SPI
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