维汉谚语中“狗”隐喻对比研究
A Comparative Study of the “Dog” Metaphor in Uyghur-Han Proverbs

隐喻是一种修辞手段，正确使用隐喻可以让语言更加生动有力。动物隐喻是一种特殊的语言现象，它不仅有助于更加简洁明了地表达说话人的意思，也能体现使用该语言的民族的思维模式和认知方式。谚语作为民间文学的一种，表现着独特的民族文化，是语言修辞的精华所在，因此对谚语进行研究，尤其是对其中与动物词汇相关的谚语进行研究能够使我们更加深入地了解该民族的文化和思维模式。本文对比分析了维吾尔语和汉语谚语中“狗”的隐喻意义，找出了“狗”在维吾尔语和汉语中隐喻意义的异同，从而窥探两个民族的文化特点和思维模式。研究认为，维吾尔语和汉语中“狗”的隐喻意义有一定的相似之处，差异也很明显。相似的主要原因在于人类隐喻思维的共性和多民族文化交流交融过程中的相互影响。存在差异的主要原因是在于生活习惯与环境的不同，导致对“狗”的需求和认知的不同。
Metaphor is a rhetorical device, and the correct use of metaphor makes a language more vivid and powerful. Animal metaphor is a special linguistic phenomenon, which not only helps to express the meaning of the speaker more concisely and clearly but also reflects the thinking mode and cognitive modes of the ethnic group who use that language. Proverbs, as a type of folk literature, crystallize the wisdom of that ethnic group who use that language and express a unique national culture and are the essence of language rhetoric, so the study of proverbs, especially those related to animal vocabulary, can give us a deeper understanding of the culture and thinking patterns of that ethnic group. This paper compared and analyzed the metaphorical meaning of “dog” in Uyghur and Chinese proverbs, found out the similarities and differences between “dog” in the metaphorical meaning of Uyghur and Chinese, and thus explored the cultural characteristics and thinking modes of the two ethnic groups. Research has found that there are certain similarities between the “dog” metaphor in Uyghur and Chinese, and the differences are also obvious. The reason for the similarity lay in the commonality of human metaphorical thinking and the mutual influence in the process of multi-ethnic cultural exchange and blending. The main reason for the difference is that different living habits and different living environments lead to different needs and cognition of “dogs”.