攀西地区空气质量等级时空分布及典型污染过程气象因素研究
Study on the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Air Quality Grade and Meteorological Factors of Typical Pollution Processes in Panxi Area

本文基于攀西地区各县市区2017~2021年气象要素与本地空气质量(AQI)，研究空气质量等级时空分布及变化特征，典型污染过程AQI与温度、平均风速、天气形势关系。得出以下结论：1) 空气质量整体较好；2) 近5年空气质量变化分三种类型。I) 前期变好，近年变差。II) “U”形结构变化。III) 无明显变化；3) 空气质量冬季最好，春季最差。4) 攀西地区空气质量逐月变化“U”形结构明显，凉山波动较小。5) 典型污染过程AQI升高比降温滞后1日，AQI高值时段平均风速较小；6) 攀西地区污染过程500 pha高度场平直，西风增大，为弱脊控制，700 pha暖区控制，探空均有逆温层，暖区控制与逆温层增厚期间，空气质量明显变差。地面气压梯度增大，空气质量转好。
Based on the meteorological elements and local air quality (AQI) in the counties and cities of Pan-zhihua Xichang region from 2017 to 2021, this paper studies the spatial and temporal distribution and change characteristics of air quality levels, and the relationship between AQI and temperature, average wind speed, and weather situation in typical pollution processes. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) The air quality is generally good; 2) There are three types of air quality changes in recent five years. I) It has become better in the early stage and worse in recent years. II) Change of “U” shape structure. III) No obvious change; 3) The air quality is the best in winter and the worst in spring. 4) The U-shaped structure of monthly air quality change in Panzhihua Xichang area is obvious, and the fluctuation in Liangshan is small. 5) The rise of AQI in typical pollution process lags behind the temperature drop by 1 day, and the average wind speed during the high value period of AQI is small; 6) During the pollution process in Panzhihua Xichang area, the 500 pha height field is flat, the westerly wind increases, which is controlled by weak ridge. The 700 pha warm zone is controlled, and there is inversion layer in the sounding. During the warm zone control and the thickening of inversion layer, the air quality becomes significantly worse. The ground pressure gradient increases, and the air quality improves.