膀胱癌根治术后不同尿流改道方式的研究进展
Research Progress on Different Urinary Diversion Methods after Radical Bladder Cancer Surgery

近年来，膀胱癌作为泌尿外科的常见肿瘤疾病，其患病率不断攀升，研究显示目前肌层浸润性膀胱癌占比不断升高。该病不仅导致患者排尿功能受损，还会影响泌尿功能等。肌层浸润性膀胱癌主要的治疗方式为膀胱根治性切除加尿流改道，其中尿路改道的方式有：经皮肤输尿管造口术，回肠膀胱术，原位回肠新膀胱术。目前研究显示根治性膀胱切除术早期和晚期并发症的发生率都很高，其中大部分与尿流改道的类型有关。尿流改道的选择和病人术后的生活质量息息相关，而选择尿流改道的方式却没有系统化的标准，目前研究较少。故本文针对三种不同尿流改道术式的影响作一综述，为临床医生、患者在针对不同病情和医疗条件下选择最优的尿流改道方式提供一些参考。
In recent years, bladder cancer, as a common tumor disease in urology, its prevalence rate has been rising, and research shows that the proportion of myometrial invasive bladder cancer is rising. The disease not only leads to impaired urination function, but also affects urinary function. The main treatment of myometrial invasive bladder cancer is radical cystectomy plus urinary diversion, of which the urinary diversion methods are: percutaneous ureterostomy, ileal bladder surgery, and orthotopic ileal neobladder surgery. The present study shows that the incidence of early and late complications of radical cystectomy is very high, most of which are related to the type of urinary di-version. The choice of urinary diversion is closely related to the quality of life of patients after sur-gery. However, there is no systematic standard for the choice of urinary diversion. Therefore, this article reviews the impact of three different urinary diversion methods, and provides some refer-ence for clinicians and patients to choose the optimal urinary diversion method under different conditions and medical conditions.