刑罚目的之哲学思考
Philosophical Reflection on the Purpose of Punishment

在现代哲学中，人们越来越关注到有关价值的问题。法律制度具有秩序、公平和个人自由三大基本价值。犯罪是个人对社会的侵害，而刑罚是社会为防卫自身，进而对犯罪人的制裁。在哲学中，关系是一个十分重要的概念。在刑法哲学中犯罪与刑罚这两大基本范畴之间的关系，即为因果关系。刑罚目的合理是刑法存在的正当性基础。犯罪人的犯罪原因可以有多种，但是刑罚目的相对具有稳定性，与报应论相反，刑罚目的侧重于预防犯罪，包括一般预防和特殊预防。在新时代，刑罚目的在考虑法益保护和人权保障的同时，应当根据社会需要，兼顾社会治理，在人权与公正、秩序之间达到一种权衡状态。
In modern philosophy, people pay more and more attention to the issue of value. The legal system has three basic values of order, fairness and individual freedom. Crime is the infringement of the individual on the society, while punishment is the punishment of the criminal by the society for defending itself. In philosophy, relationship is a very important concept. In the philosophy of criminal law, the relationship between the two basic categories of crime and punishment is the causal relationship. The reasonable purpose of punishment is the basis for the legitimacy of the existence of criminal law. There can be many reasons for the perpetrator’s crime, but the purpose of punishment is relatively stable. Contrary to the theory of retribution, the purpose of punishment focuses on crime prevention, including general prevention and special prevention. In the new era, while considering the protection of legal interests and the protection of human rights, the purpose of punishment should take into account social governance according to social needs, and achieve a state of trade-off between human rights, justice and order.