The
restoration of soils polluted by trace metals (Pb and Cd) by phytoremediation
is an innovative and ecologically sustainable solution. The objective of the
study was to develop a process of phytoaccumulation of trace metals (Pb and Cd)
in soils with the species Panicummaximum. For this purpose, 30 buckets containing soil were used.
These included six (06) buckets per dose of soil contamination by Pb and Cd (3
mg/kg and 9 mg/kg of Cd and 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of Pb) and six (6) buckets
containing uncontaminated soil (control). During a period of 90 days of
experimentation, the concentrations of trace metals in the plant biomass and in
the soils were measured. Also, the bioaccumulation (BF) and translocation (TF)
factors, the mass of Pb and Cd taken up by the plant were determined. The
results showed that the biomass produced was negatively influenced by
increasing Pb and Cd concentration. The concentrations of Pb and Cd accumulated
by P.maximum varied in the aboveground biomass from 6.48 ± 0.55 to 18.09 ± 0.71 mg/kg
(Pb100); from 10.93 ± 0.38 to 23.04 ± 0.79 mg/kg (Pb300); from 0.91 ± 0.02 to
1.50 ± 0.03 mg/kg (Cd3); and from 3.05 ± 0.08 to 5.43 ± 0.09 mg/kg (Cd9) from
day 30 to day 90. However, in the root biomass, trace metals (Pb and Cd) ranged
from 8.09 ± 0.58 to 22.57 ± 0.86 mg/kg (Pb100); from 29.45 ± 0.49 to 62.35 ±
0.82 mg/kg (Pb300); from 0.66 ± 0.01 to 1.11 ± 0.07 mg/kg (Cd3); and from 2.22
± 0.08 to 3, 97 ± 0.09 mg/kg (Cd9), from day 30 to day 90. Pb was concentrated
in the root biomass and Cd in the aboveground biomass. Bioaccumulation factor
values ranged from 0.26 ± 0.02 to 0.99 ± 0.04 (Pb100); from 0.21 ± 0.04 to 0.50
± 0.06 (Pb300); from 0.83 ± 0.09 to 1.72 ± 0.18 (Cd3); and from 0.70 ± 0.08 to
1.54 ± 0.18 (Cd9). High concentrations of Pb and Cd show a negative effect on
the accumulation potential of P.maximum.
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