试析现代汉语语境下的二柄多边论——以《围城》为例
An Analysis of the Two-Handle Multilateral Theory in the Context of Modern Chinese—Taking FORTRESS BESIGED as an Example

钱钟书的长篇小说《围城》中包含了大量独具匠心的修辞文本，其中许多精妙的比喻是对《管锥编》中“二柄多边论”的成功实践。“柄”和“边”是同一个问题的两个方面，在不同语境下有不同的组合方式。比喻二柄之说探讨的实质是比喻修辞中本体与喻体的联结形态，强调的是对于拟喻修辞之理的“分见两边”而“合观一体”，根本上都是设喻者根据喻义需要做出的分隔和统摄。异柄异边是二柄多边的理论基础，二柄多边是特殊情况(两柄指代相反事物)下的异柄多边，又或者说，异柄多边理论是所有柄边比喻的整体理论背景。柄同边异、柄异边同以及异柄异边的理论同样可以实践于《围城》之中。此外，理解现代汉语语境下的二柄多边论还可结合含蓄留白的技法以及词语多义。
In GuanZhuiBian, Qian Zhongshu first advocated “two-handed multilateralism”. Fortress Besieged, a lengthy novel by Qian Zhongshu, is filled with clever rhetorical devices, many of which are effective applications of GuanZhuiBian’s “two-handled polyglot theory”. In this paper, we have selected 18 example sentences from “Fortress Besieged” and examined them from three perspectives: same handle with different edge, different handle with same edge, and different handle with different edge. Same handle with different edge refers to the fixed ontology being modified by the metaphor. Edge is expressed in different metaphorical sentences, and also the multifaceted nature of the metaphor can be shown in the same metaphorical sentence. The same side of the metaphor can be used to modify different tenors, and the effect can be different or diametrically opposite depending on the specific context. The theory of the two-handled multilateral is the general theoretical underpinning of all metaphors with handles. It is the theoretical basis of the two-handled multilateral, which is the exceptional instance (two handles correspond to opposing objects). The audience must be able to “see the two sides individually and see the one together” in order to comprehend the two-handled polyglot. At the same time, we also recognize that Qian Zhongshu’s two-handled polyglot theory in Fortress Besieged, which sidesteps grammatical conventions and logical reasoning, accommodates a variety of ideas, including implicitly leaving the white space and creating a distant surprise, and leaves a magnificent mark on the history of modern Chinese rhetoric.