Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Micro Vibrational therapy (MVT) on muscle stiffness and blood flow in the skin before and after Micro Vibrational therapy in healthy subjects in order to scientifically verify the effects of MVT. Methods: Micro Vibrational therapy is nurse care use in Japan. It was performed on the backs of 30 subjects (8 males and 22 females) in their 20 s to 50 s according to the eligibility criteria. The resting state before implementation was set as the baseline for the control group, and after 30 seconds of MVT was set as the intervention group. The effects of the MVT were statistically analyzed by these factors and subjective sensation by Visual Analog Scale. Results: The muscle hardness of the area where the MVT was applied for 30 seconds decreased to 29.54 (SD 5.04) after the application, compared to 30.45 (SD 5.05) before. A corresponding t-test showed a significant difference (p = 0.019). Skin blood flow increased from a median of 0.76 (variance 0.062) before to a median of 0.86 (variance 0.16) after the procedure. The Wilcoxon rank test showed a significant difference (p = 0.000). Circulatory response was confirmed by SBP, DBP, and HR. SBP of 108.6 mmHg (SD 14.8) before the study decreased to 105.7 mmHg (SD 15.0) after the study, and DBP of 65.6 mmHg (SD 11.1) before the study decreased to 62.7 mmHg (SD 11.8) after the study. HR decreased from 71.6 beats per minute (SD 10.3) before to 69.2 beats per minute (SD 11.7) after. There was a significant difference in all cardiovascular indices (p < 0.05). VAS (pain, stiffness, and fatigue) was significantly decreased after MVT (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Micro Vibrational therapy tended to decrease muscle hardness and increase skin blood flow even in the short time of 30 seconds. The results suggest that local vibration stimulation is not likely to cause a sudden increase in blood pressure or pulse rate fluctuation. These results suggest that hand vibration nursing care may be applicable to acute patients with unstable circulatory conditions.
References
[1]
Dubb, R., Nydahl, P., Hermes, C., Schwabbauer, N., Toonstra, A., Parker, A.M., Kaltwasser, A. and Needham, D.M. (2016) Barriers and Strategies for Early Mobilization of Patients in Intensive Care Units. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 13, 724-730. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201509-586CME
[2]
Chambers, M.A., Moylan, J.S. and Reid, M.B. (2009) Physical Inactivity and Muscle Weakness in the Critically Ill. Critical Care Medicine, 37, S337-S346.
https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181b6e974
[3]
Dittmer, D.K. and Teasell, R. (1993) Complications of Immobilization and Bed Rest. Part 1: Musculoskeletal and Cardiovascular Complications. Canadian Family Physician, 39, 1428-1432, 1435-1437.
[4]
Brower, R.G. (2009) Consequences of Bed Rest. Critical Care Medicine, 37, S422-S428. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181b6e30a
[5]
Fuest, K. and Schaller, S.J. (2018) Recent Evidence on Early Mobilization in Critical-Ill Patients. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 31, 144-150.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ACO.0000000000000568
[6]
Lipshutz, A.K. and Gropper, M.A. (2013) Acquired Neuromuscular Weakness and Early Mobilization in the Intensive Care Unit. Anesthesiology, 118, 202-15.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0b013e31826be693
[7]
Truong, A.D., Fan, E., Brower, R.G. and Needham, D.M. (2009) Bench-to-Bedside Review: Mobilizing Patients in the Intensive Care Unit—From Pathophysiology to Clinical Trials. Critical Care, 13, Article No. 216. https://doi.org/10.1186/cc7885
[8]
Gruther, W., Benesch, T., Zorn, C., Paternostro-Sluga, T., Quittan, M., Fialka-Moser, V., Spiss, C., Kainberger, F. and Crevenna, R. (2008) Muscle Wasting in Intensive Care Patients: Ultrasound Observation of the M. quadriceps Femoris Muscle Layer. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 40, 185-189.
https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0139
[9]
Hashem, M.D., Nelliot, A. and Needham, D.M. (2016) Early Mobilization and Rehabilitation in the ICU: Moving Back to the Future. Respiratory Care, 61, 971-979.
https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.04741
[10]
Lach, H.W., Lorenz, R.A. and L’Ecuyer, K.M. (2014) Aging Muscles and Joints: Mobilization. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, 26, 105-113.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2013.10.005
[11]
Akeson, W.H., Amiel, D., Abel, M.F., Garfin, S.R. and Woo, S.L. (1987) Effects of Immobilization on Joints. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 219, 28-37.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-198706000-00006
[12]
Trudel, G. and Uhthoff, H.K. (2000) Contractures Secondary to Immobility: Is the Restriction Articular or Muscular? An Experimental Longitudinal Study in the Rat Knee. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81, 6-13.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(00)90213-2
[13]
Diekstall, P., Schulze, W. and Noack, W. (1995) Immobilization Damage. Sportverletzung Sportschaden, 9, 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-993420
[14]
Clavet, H., Hebert, P.C., Fergusson, D., Doucette, S. and Trudel, G. (2008) Joint Contracture Following Prolonged Stay in the Intensive Care Unit. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 178, 691-697. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.071056
[15]
Adler, J. and Malone, D. (2012) Early Mobilization in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review. Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal, 23, 5-13.
https://doi.org/10.1097/01823246-201223010-00002
[16]
van der Schaaf, M., Beelen, A., Dongelmans, D.A., Vroom, M.B. and Nollet, F. (2009) Functional Status after Intensive Care: A Challenge for Rehabilitation Professionals to Improve Outcome. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 41, 360-366.
https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0333
[17]
Buckwalter, J.A. (1996) Effects of Early Motion on Healing of Musculoskeletal Tissues. Hand Clinics, 12, 13-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0712(21)00281-X
[18]
Timmerman, R.A. (2007) A Mobility Protocol for Critically Ill Adults. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 26, 175-179.
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.DCC.0000286816.40570.da
[19]
Lad, H., Saumur, T.M., Herridge, M.S., Dos Santos, C.C., Mathur, S., Batt, J. and Gilbert, P.M. (2020) Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness: Not Just another Muscle Atrophying Condition. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21, Article No. 7840. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21217840
[20]
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2018) Outline of the Revision of Medical Fees for FY 2018.
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/05-Shingikai-10801000-Iseikyoku-Soumuka/0000207112.pdf
[21]
The Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine Early Rehabilitation Study Committee (2017) Evidence Based Expert Consensus for Early Rehabilitation in the Intensive Care Unit. Journal of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine, 24, 255-303. https://doi.org/10.3918/jsicm.24_255
[22]
Saitou, D. (2016) Early Rehabilitation in the Intensive Care Unit. Journal of the Kyorin Medical Society, 47, 37-41.
[23]
Sato, S. and Kozaki, T. (2015) Outcome of the Introduction of the Rehabilitation System in the Emergency Center Comparison of the Number of Days It Takes to Start Rehabilitation. In: Nihon Kango Gakkai ronbunshu. Kyuseiki kango, publisher, 234-237.
[24]
Oda, E. (2015) Effect of Using the Micro Vibration Therapy and Balance Ball Exercise as a Method to Increase the Range of Motion of Joints. Juushou shinshin shougai no ryouiku, 10, 123.
[25]
Kimura, N. (2016) Reducing Pain and Discomfort during Care Due to Joint Contractures: Continuing the Effects of Micro-Vibration Therapy. Journal of the Japanese Association of Rural Medicine, 65, 584.
[26]
De Domenico, G., Wood, E.C. and Beard, G.I. (2003) Beard’s Massage. Enterprise, Tokyo.
[27]
Azuma, M., Imura, Y. and Akazawa, C. (2021) Visualization of Hand Techniques in Manual Micro-Vibration Therapy. Journal of the Medical Association of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 80, 61-69.
[28]
Nakamura, M., Sato, S., Kiyono, R., and Yawata, K. (2020) Effect of Stretching on Muscle Hardness (Stiffness/Elastic Modulus) (Special Feature: Muscle Hardness and Softness). Journal of Training Science for Exercise and Sport, 32, 203-208.
[29]
Nakamura, M., lkezoe, T., Takeno, Y. and Otsuka, N. (2013) Relationship between Muscle Stiffness Measured by the Muscle Hardness Meter and Passive Torque or Myotendinous Junction Displacement. Journal of the Japanese Physical Therapy Association, 40, 193-199.
[30]
Akai, M. (2003) Joint Contracture: Its Prevention and Treatment. The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 40, 76-80.
https://doi.org/10.2490/jjrm1963.40.76
[31]
Ueda, S. and Okawa, Y. (1995) Disuse Syndrome and Physical Therapy: The Position of Disuse Syndrome and Overuse and Misuse Symptoms in Rehabilitation Medicine. The Japanese Journal of Physical Therapy, 29, 824-833.
[32]
Koeda, T., Omura, T. and Okimura, K. (2019) The Treatment Time and Duration of Effectiveness of Massage Therapy. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain Research, 11, 122-128.
[33]
Koeda, T. and Amano, Y. (2010) Measurement of Muscle Hardness Using a Hardness Meter: Reproducibility, Validity and Usefulness. The Nagoya Gakuin Daigaku Ronshu; Journal of Nagoya Gakuin University; Humanities and Natural Sciences, 46, 55-61.
[34]
Oroszi, T., van Heuvelen, M.J., Nyakas, C. and van der Zee, E.A. (2020) Vibration Detection: Its Function and Recent Advances in Medical Applications. F1000Res, 9.
https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.22649.1
[35]
Alam, M.M., Khan, A.A. and Farooq, M. (2018) Effect of Whole-Body Vibration on Neuromuscular Performance: A Literature Review. Work, 59, 571-583.
https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-182699
[36]
Alghadir, A.H., Anwer, S., Zafar, H. and Iqbal, Z.A. (2018) Effect of Localised Vibration on Muscle Strength in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review. Physiotherapy, 104, 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2017.06.006
[37]
Rauch, F. (2009) Vibration Therapy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51, 166-168. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03418.x
[38]
Fowler, B.D., Palombo, K.T.M., Feland, J.B. and Blotter, J.D. (2019) Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Flexibility and Stiffness: A Literature Review. International Journal of Exercise Science, 12, 735-747.
[39]
Homoma, H., Saito, K. and Takahashi, T. (2021) Effect of Titubation as a Stimulus on Body Flexibility. Rigakuryoho Kagaku, 36, 107-112.
https://doi.org/10.1589/rika.36.107
[40]
Nakagami, G., Urasaki, M., Kitagawa, A. and Sanada, H. (2010) Focus Translational Research in Nursing: The Process of Developing and Testing a Device to Promote the Treatment of Pressure Ulcers by Vibration. Investigation of the Effect of Vibration on Blood Flow—Experiments on Healthy Subjects. The Japanese Journal of Nursing Research, 43, 459-464.
[41]
Ichioka, S., Yokogawa, H., Sekiya, N. and Nakagami, G. (2010) Translational Research in Nursing the Process of Developing and Validating a Device to Promote the Treatment of Bedsores by Vibration. Discovery of Seeds. Elucidation of Pathological Mechanism. Mechanism of Microcirculation Change by Vibration. The Japanese Journal of Nursing Research, 43, 453-458.
[42]
Kanazashi, M., Fujita, N. and Fujino, H. (2013b) Preventive Effect of Combined Load-Bearing and Nutritional Support on Mitochondrial Dysfunction Associated with Disuse Muscle Atrophy. Journal of the Japanese Physical Therapy Association, 40, 125.
[43]
Kanazashi, M., Fujita, N., Murakami, S. and Fujino, H. (2013) Protective Effects of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Capillary Regression of Disuse Atrophied Muscle. Japanese Journal of Physical Therapy Fundamentals, 16, 39-46.
[44]
Vollman, K.M. (2013) Understanding Critically Ill Patients Hemodynamic Response to Mobilization: Using the Evidence to Make It Safe and Feasible. Critical Care Nursing Quarterly, 36, 17-27. https://doi.org/10.1097/CNQ.0b013e3182750767
[45]
Convertino, V.A., Doerr, D.F., Eckberg, D.L., Fritsch, J.M. and Vernikos-Danellis, J. (1990) Head-Down Bed Rest Impairs Vagal Baroreflex Responses and Provokes Orthostatic Hypotension. Journal of Applied Physiology, 68, 1458-1464.
https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.4.1458
[46]
Kimura, T., Tsuda Y., Uchida S. and Eboshida, A. (2006) Association of Perceived Stress and Stiff Neck/Shoulder with Health Status: Multiple Regression Models by Gender. Hiroshima Journal of Medical Sciences, 55, 101-107.
[47]
Okuno, H., Takeda, T., Sasaoka, T. and Fukuda, F. (2009) Relationship between Katakori (Shoulder Stiffness) and Shoulder Hardness. Journal of the Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 59, 30-38.
[48]
Fujii, T., Matsudaira, K., Noma, K., Ishizuka, A. and Yamada, K. (2012) Objective Measurement of Neck-Shoulder Discomfort and Analysis of Associated Factors. Clinical Orthopaedic Surgery, 47, 619-624.
[49]
Yabuki, S. (2007) Pathogenesis of the Neck-Shoulder Stiffness (Katakori). Clinical Orthopaedic Surgery, 42, 413-417. https://doi.org/10.3777/jjsam.59.30
