Current work is focused on the influence of friction in deep drawing process. Friction measurements were also conducted using a modified tribotester based on strip sliding between tools. Four different tool surfaces were tested under similar contact conditions regarding contact area, normal pressure, sliding speed, lubricant and surface characteristics to calculate the friction coefficient between the tool surface and a high strength low alloy steel sheet HSLA 380. The results showed that friction coefficient varies over a wide range with different lubricating conditions and different sliding velocities. For some sliding velocities, the coefficient of friction is stable and low, while for others it is unstable and higher. Results of the experiments reveal that this novel tribotester is a very useful tool to evaluate and compare the friction between steel sheet and tool surfaces in alloyed steel for cold working applications. The outcomes have only small dispersion within the different test series, which indicates a stable process with good repeatability. The test method enables comparison of different surface finishes and treatments, lubricants and coatings in terms of friction and galling under conditions similar to those found in sheet metal forming processes. The four different types of surfaces considered for this study were grinded, polished, nitrided and quenched/tempered. The main difference among the tested tools in this work was the surface roughness, which was found to have a strong influence on friction.
References
[1]
Makhkamov, A. (2017) Tribology in Sheet Metal Forming. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidade do Porto, Porto. https://scholar.google.ru/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=ru&user=5U4KgJ4AAAAJ&citation_for_view=5U4KgJ4AAAAJ:u5HHmVD_uO8C
[2]
Makhkamov, A., Wagre, D., Baptista, A.M., Santos, A.D. and Malheiro, L. (2017) Tribology Testing to Friction Determination in Sheet Metal Forming Processes. Ciência & Tecnologia dos Materiais, 29, e249-e253. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85022101135&partnerID=MN8TOARS https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctmat.2016.07.002
[3]
Kirkhorn, L., Bushlya, V., Andersson, M. and Stahl, J.E. (2013) The Influence of Tool Steel Microstructure on Friction in Sheet Metal Forming. Wear, 302, 1268-1278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.01.050
[4]
Trzepieciński, T., Bazan, A. and Lemu, H.G. (2015) Frictional Characteristics of Steel Sheets Used in Automotive Industry. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 16, 849–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-015-0087-1
[5]
Makhkamov, A., Wagre, D., Baptista, A.M. and Santos, A.D. (2015) Friction Determination and Tribology Testing in Sheet Metal Forming. Doctoral Congress in Engineering—DCE 2015, Porto, 11-13 June 2015, 135 p. https://scholar.google.ru/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=ru&user=5U4KgJ4AAAAJ&citation_for_view=5U4KgJ4AAAAJ:dhFuZR0502QC
[6]
Makhkamov, A., Amaral, R., Baptista, A.M., Santos, A.D. and Malheiro, L. (2017) Determination of the Friction Coefficient in the Flat Strip Drawing Test. Doctoral Congress in Engineering—DCE 2017, Porto, 8-9 June 2017, 145 p. https://scholar.google.ru/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=ru&user=5U4KgJ4AAAAJ&citation_for_view=5U4KgJ4AAAAJ:L8Ckcad2t8MC
[7]
Blau, P.J. (2009) Introductory Mechanics Approaches to Solid Friction. In Friction Science and Technology, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 17-41.
[8]
Makhkamov, A., Abduvkhidov, M., Akramjonov, D. and Rakhimberdiyev, D. (2019) Investigation of the Issues of Analytical Determination of the Stiffness Parameters of Batch Structures. Universum: Technical Science, 4, 16-20. https://scholar.google.ru/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=ru&user=5U4KgJ4AAAAJ&citation_for_view=5U4KgJ4AAAAJ:9yKSN-GCB0IC
[9]
Makhkamov, А., Abduvkhidov, M., Siddiqov, A. and Kholmirzayev, F. (2018) Investigation of the Analytical Determination of the Stiffness Parameters of Batch Structures. International Conference of Science and Practice: A New Level of Integration in the Modern World, Berlin, 27 April 2018, 143-146.
[10]
Takadoum, J. (2007) Materials and Surface Engineering in Tribology. ISTE Ltd., London. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470611524
[11]
Ramada. Aços Para Ferramentas de Trabalho a Frio. http://www.ramada.pt/pt/-produtos/acos/aa-os-para-ferramentas-de-trabalho-a-frio/c-265_html
[12]
Markenübersicht Kaltarbeitsstähle Survey of Cold Work Tool Steel Grades. http://docplayer.org/43647662-Markenuebersicht-kaltarbeitsstaehle-surveyofcoldwork-tool-steel-grades.html
[13]
Makhkamov, A., Khusanov, S., Muradov, R. and Karimov, A. (2020) Mathematical Modeling of Separation of Raw Cotton from the Air Flow under the Action of Centrifugal Force. Universum: Technical Science, 5, 15-20.
[14]
Makhkamov, A., Khusanov, S., Muradov, R. and Imomaliyeva, S. (2020) The Oretic Observation of the Cotton Movement in the Operating Camera of the New Separator. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24, 6356-6364.
[15]
Makhkamov, A., Khusanov, S., Muradov, R. and Karimov, A. (2020) Study of the Effect of the Mobile Floor of the Separator Device on the Cotton Section. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24, 6473-6481.
