Background: Facial isometric exercise is a static contraction of facial muscles without any visible movement in the angle of the joints. To examine the effects of facial isometric exercise on subjective stress and oxidative stress/antioxidant capacity. Methods: In this study, we included 13 participants (6 males, 7 females; average age, 44.8 ± 19.6 years; age range: 20 - 74 years) who were exposed to constant temperature and humidity in a room. Fifteen minutes after entering the room, the force was measured before and after facial isometric exercise of the target muscles: upper lip levator, small zygomatic, large zygomatic, levator animus, laughing, buccal, muzzle, mental, temporal, masseter, and cervical muscles), and further evaluated by comparing the facial isometric exercise group and control (non-facial isometric exercise) group (crossover test). Results: Subjective stress significantly improved by 8.7 ± 16.3 in the facial isometric exercise group, and no significant difference in oxidative stress level was observed in both the groups. However, the antioxidant capacity significantly increased by 126.8 ± 168.1 μmol/l in the facial isometric exercise group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that facial isometric exercise is an exercise therapy that can provide mental stability and antiaging effects due to improvement in subjective stress and biological antioxidant potential.
References
[1]
Orita, I. and Kanai, S. (2015) Effect of Effective Facial Exercise on Skin Surface Temperature. Biomedical Thermology, 34, 44-48.
[2]
Alam, M., Walter, A.J., Geisler, A., Roongpisuthipong, W., Sikorski, G., Tung, R., et al. (2018) Association of Facial Exercise with the Appearance of Aging. JAMA Dermatology, 154, 365-367. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2017.5142
[3]
Tsubone, H., Hanafusa, M., Endo, M., Manabe, N., Higasa, A.,Ohmura, H., et al. (2013) Effect of Treadmill Exercise and Hydrogen-Rich Water Intake on Serum Oxidative and Anti-Oxidative Metabolites in Serum of Thoroughbred Horses. Journal of Equine Science, 24, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1294/jes.24.1
[4]
Maruoka, H. and Fujii, K. (2011) Effect of the Reduced Coenzyme Q10 and Exercise Training on the Oxidative Stress Regulation System and Exercise Capacity in Mice. Japanese Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 8, 85-97.
https://doi.org/10.1625/jcam.8.85
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jcam/8/2/8_2_85/_pdf/-char/ja
[5]
Nagashima, M. (2011) Effects of Endurance Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Vitamin Level in Trained Cyclists. The Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 60, 279-286. https://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm.60.279
[6]
Fryer, S., Stoner, L., Stone, K., Gile, D., Sveen, J., Garrido, I., et al. (2016) Forearm Muscle Oxidative Capacity Index Predicts Sport Rock-Climbing Performance. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 116, 1479-1484.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3403-1
[7]
Wiecek, M., Szymura, J., Maciejczyk, M., Kantorowicz, M. and Szygula, Z. (2018) Anaerobic Exercise-Induced Activation of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Blood of Women and Men. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, Article No. 1006.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01006
[8]
JongEun, Y. (2016) Therapeutic Benefits of Laughter in Mental Health: A Theoretical Review. Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Laughter in Mental Health, 239, 243-249. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.239.243
[9]
Ishihara, S. (2007) Experimental Study of Spontaneous Laughter and Its Effect on the Autonomic Nervous System. Bunkyou University Faculty of Human Sciences, 29, 51-59.
https://warp.da.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/284033/www.bunkyo.ac.jp/faculty/lib/klib/kiyo/hum/h29/h2904.pdf
[10]
Burtenshaw, D., Kitching, M., Redmond, E.M., Megson, I.L. and Cahill, P.A. (2019) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Intimal Thickening, and Subclinical Atherosclerotic Disease. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 6, Article No. 89.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2019.00089
[11]
Fukui, T., Yamauchi, K., Maruyama, M., Yasuda, T., Kohno, M. and Abe, Y. (2011) Significance of Measuring Oxidative Stress in Lifestyle-Related Diseases from the Viewpoint of Correlation between d-ROMs and BAP in Japanese Subjects. Hypertension Research, 34, 1041-1045. https://doi.org/10.1038/hr.2011.76
[12]
Pingitore, A., Lima, G., Mastorci, F., Quinones, A., Iervasi, G. and Vassalle, C. (2015) Exercise and Oxidative Stress: Potential Effects of Antioxidant Dietary Strategies in Sports. Nutrition, 31, 916-922.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0899900715000738?via%3Dihub
[13]
Heisey, C.F. and Kingsley, J.D. (2016) Effects of Static Stretching on Squat Performance in Division I Female Athletes. International Journal of Exercise Science, 9, 359-367.
[14]
Amemiya, R., Kim, E., Inagaki, K. and Sakairi, Y. (2019) Mindfulness and Psychological Competitive Abilities Promotes the Mental Health of Athletes. Japanese Journal of Sport Psychology, 46, 67-80. https://doi.org/10.4146/jjspopsy.2019-1802
[15]
Arazi, H., Asadi, A. and Purabed, M. (2015) Physiological and Psychophysical Responses to Listening to Music during Warm-Up and Circuit-Type Resistance Exercise in Strength Trained Men. Journal of Sports Medicine, 2015, Article ID: 389831.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/389831