两种施氮条件下大豆农艺性状QTL分析
QTL Analysis of Agronomic Traits in Soybean under Two Nitrogen Application Conditions

DOI: 10.12677/HJAS.2021.119116, PP. 864-876

Keywords: 大豆，农艺性状，QTL分析
Soybean, Agronomic Traits, QTL Analysis

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Abstract:

大豆是全球范围内食用蛋白和食用油脂的主要来源。大豆的产量及形态等性状多属于数量性状，不但受微效多基因控制，还受环境影响。本研究利用杂交组合“东农L13 × 黑河36”、“东农L13 × 合农60”衍生的两个重组自交系群体RIL3613和RIL6013为材料，在哈尔滨、阿城和双城3个地点进行正常施用氮肥和不施用氮肥两种条件种植，对大豆形态、产量等性状进行加性和上位性QTL定位，并对各性状进行氮肥响应QTL定位和候选基因预测，旨在剖析不同氮肥水平下大豆农艺性状的遗传基础，发掘相关基因位点，在RIL3613和RIL6013群体中共检出9个株高加性QTL、6个主茎节数加性QTL、3个单株荚数加性QTL、5个单株粒数加性QTL、3个百粒重加性QTL、4个单株粒重加性QTL，单个加性QTL可解释2.04%~8.64%、1.13%~8.25%、5.97%~12.72%、0.02%~11.72%、1.34%~10.78%、5.51%~8.99%的表型变异。利用SoyBase在线程序获得的标记信息，在4个一致QTL区间中，利用GO和KEGG数据库对1215个候选基因进行了筛选和注释。KEGG通路中，Ko04075参与植物激素信号转导途径，包括赤霉素、生长素、脱落酸等激素，在调节茎生长、植物生长和种子发育方面起着重要作用。
Soybean is the main source of edible protein and edible oil worldwide. The yield and morphological traits of soybean are mostly quantitative traits, which are not only controlled by micro-effect genes, but also affected by environment. In this study, two recombinant inbred lines (RIL3613 and RIL6013) derived from hybrid combinations “Dongnong L13 × Heihe 36” and “Dongnong L13 × Henong 60” were used, with two treatments of normal application of nitrogen fertilizer and no application of nitrogen fertilizer at three locations in Harbin, Acheng and Shuangcheng. Additive and epistatic QTLs were mapped for soybean morphological and yield traits, and QTLs for nitrogen response of each trait were mapped and candidate genes were predicted, aiming to analyze the genetic basis of agronomic traits of soybean under different nitrogen fertilizer levels and discover related gene loci. A total of 9 QTLs for plant height, 6 QTLs for main stem node number, 3 QTLs for pod number per plant, 5 QTLs for grain number per plant, 3 QTLs for 100 grain weight and 4 QTLs for grain weight per plant were detected in RIL3613 and RIL6013 populations. A single additive QTL could explain 2.04%~8.64%, 1.13%~8.25%, 5.97%~12.72%, 0.02%~11.72%, 1.34%~10.78%, and 5.51%~8.99% of phenotypic variation. Using the tagged information obtained by SoyBase online program, 1215 candidate genes were screened and annotated in four consistent QTL intervals using GO and KEGG databases. In the KEGG pathway, Ko04075 is involved in plant hormone signal transduction pathways, including gibberellins, auxin, abiotic acid and other hormones, and plays an important role in regulating stem growth, plant growth and seed development.

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