黑死病与英语社会地位提升关系草探
A Tentative Study on the Relationship between the Black Death and the Rise of Social Status of English Language

DOI: 10.12677/ML.2021.91022, PP. 141-146

Keywords: 黑死病，中古英语，中世纪，瘟疫
The Black Death, Middle English, Middle Ages, Plagues

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Abstract:

1066年诺曼人征服英国后，出现了诺曼–法语、拉丁语和英语在英国共存的局面。由于诺曼贵族主要使用诺曼–法语和拉丁语，于是英语便从传统的权威书面语言地位沦落为乡村口头语言。黑死病的到来，使得中世纪的英国社会人口结构发生剧变，知识分子和教士的比例显著减少，从而导致诺曼–法语、拉丁语的衰落，而英语在欧洲中世纪宗教、行政、教育和文学等方面的崛起，进而促成了英语地位的提升。
After Norman’s conquest of England in 1066, three kinds of language—Anglo-Norman French, Latin and English—existed simultaneously in England. Since then, English language became an oral language used by people in countryside instead of an authoritative written language. The Black Death changed the structure of English population thoroughly. The number of clergies and intellectuals declined abruptly. This improved the status of English in Medieval Europe in many fields, such as religion, administration, education and literature, and therefore caused the “tri-umph of English”.

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