TGF-β和PD-L1在膀胱癌浸润发展中的作用
The Role of TGF-β and PD-L1 in the Invasion and Development of Bladder Cancer

膀胱癌是泌尿系统第二大常见肿瘤，其发病率和死亡率呈逐年上升趋势。近年来有多项研究发现转化生长因子β (transforming growth factor-β, TGF-β)和程序性死亡配体1 (Programmed death ligand 1, PD-L1)对膀胱癌浸润发展起重要作用，但其机制仍缺乏综合性论述。PD-L1/PD-1信号通路中分子异常表达已成为抗肿瘤靶向治疗的研究热点，而对TGF-β分子水平异常表达以及其与PD-L1/PD-1信号通路的相互作用探索较少，对TGF-β和PD-L1/PD-1信号通路的阐释有助于膀胱癌的靶向联合免疫治疗。本文分别简述了TGF-β和PD-L1单独作用以及共同作用对肿瘤微环境免疫抑制的影响。创新性地提出TGF-β和PD-L1/PD-1信号通路可通过以调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell, Treg)为桥梁的相互作用发挥联合免疫抑制作用，并强调了两者上游调控分子机制的重要性。
Bladder cancer is the second most common tumor in the urinary system. Its incidence rate and mortality rate are increasing year by year. In recent years, many studies have found that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) play an important role in the invasion and development of bladder cancer, but the mechanism is still lack of comprehensive discussion. The abnormal expression of molecules in PD-L1/PD-1 signaling pathway has become a research hotspot of anti-tumor targeted therapy. However, there are few researches on the abnormal expression of TGF-β at molecular level and its interaction with PD-L1/PD-1 signaling pathway. The interpretation of TGF-β and PD-L1/PD-1 signaling pathway is helpful for targeted combined immunotherapy of bladder cancer. In this paper, the effects of TGF-β and PD-L1 on tumor microenvironment immunosuppression were reviewed. It is innovatively proposed that TGF-β and PD-L1/PD-1 signaling pathways can play a joint immunosuppressive role through the interaction of regulatory T cells (Treg) as a bridge, and the importance of upstream regulatory molecular mechanism of both is emphasized.