D-二聚体在恶性肿瘤中应用价值的研究进展
Research Progress on the Application Value of D-Dimer in Malignant Tumors

D-二聚体作为纤维蛋白降解产物，在静脉血栓中具有重要的排除价值。D-二聚体的形成与凝血酶、纤维蛋白溶酶活化密切相关，其浓度水平受多种因素调控。既往研究证实，肿瘤与患者高凝状态关系密切，并指出约50%的恶性肿瘤患者及超过90%的转移患者存在凝血功能异常及血栓形成现象。癌细胞可直接促进凝血系统激活，进而产生凝血酶或间接通过刺激单核细胞合成多种促凝因子。近年来，国内外关于D-二聚体的基础研究、临床研究以及流行病学研究大量涌现，尤其在各类恶性肿瘤如非小细胞肺癌、胃腺癌、胰腺癌、原发性肝癌的早期预测和晚期预后评估中扮演重要角色。然而国内D-二聚体在各恶性肿瘤中的研究综述报道尚少，本文就D-二聚体在临床工作各系统常见的恶性肿瘤中的研究进展做一综述。
D-dimer, as a fibrin degradation product, has important elimination values in venous thrombosis. The formation of D-dimer is closely related to the activation of thrombin and plasmin, and its concentration level is regulated by many factors. Previous studies have confirmed that tumors are closely related to the hypercoagulable state of patients, and pointed out that about 50% of patients with malignant tumors and more than 90% of patients with metastases have abnormal blood coagulation and thrombosis. Cancer cells can directly promote the activation of the coagulation system, and then produce thrombin or indirectly stimulate monocytes to synthesize a variety of procoagulant factors. In recent years, a large number of basic research, clinical research and epidemiological research on D-dimer have emerged at home and abroad, especially in the early prediction of various malignant tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer, gastric adenocarcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and primary liver cancer. And late prognosis assessment plays an important role. However, domestic research reports on D-dimer in various malignant tumors are still few. This article reviews the research progress of D-dimer in common malignant tumors in various systems in clinical work.