Pyeloplasty techniques using minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in pediatric patients

Hydronephrosis is the most common urological abnormality identified by prenatal or infant ultrasound, occurring as often as 1% (1). This is now the most common presentation of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. The most common etiology for infant hydronephrosis is UPJ obstruction which accounts for approximately 2.5/100,000 of the hospitalization per year (2-4). The majority of the hospitalizations occur in children less than 3 years old (5). The incidence of UPJ obstruction in those found to have hydronephrosis in infancy is 10–30% (6); this incidence increases in children with other urological abnormalities including horseshoe kidney, in which approximately 17% of have UPJ obstruction (7). The incidence of a crossing vessel causing extrinsic compression on the UPJ has been shown to vary from 15% to 52% (8,9). The variation in the etiology of the obstruction has led to an evolution of repairs to correct the stricture and restore or preserve renal function