Direct and indirect CT imaging features of esophago-airway fistula in adults

Esophago-airway fistulas (EAF) include both tracheoesophageal (TEF) and bronchoesophageal fistulas (BEF) and are pathological connections between the esophagus and the trachea or a major bronchus. While EAF are rare, they cause significant morbidity and mortality due to recurrent respiratory infections and malnutrition (1,2)