Postnatal roles of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family members in nociceptors plasticity

The neurotrophin and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of growth factors have been extensivelystudied because of their proven ability to regulate development of the peripheral nervous system. The neurotrophin family,whichincludes nerve growth factor (NGF), NT-3, NT4/5 and BDNF, is also known for its ability to regulate the function of adult sensoryneurons. Until recently, little was known concerning the role of the GNDF-family (that includes GDNF, artemin, neurturin andpersephin) in adult sensory neuron function. Here we describe recent data that indicates that the GDNF family can regulate sensoryneuron function, that some of its members are elevated in inflammatory pain models and that application of these growth factorsproduces pain in vivo. Finally we discuss how these two families of growth factors may converge on a single membrane receptor,TRPV1, to produce long-lasting hyperalgesia.