云南省个旧市矿区耐镉和铅菌株的分离、鉴定及系统发育分析
Isolation Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ Tolerance Strains from Gejiu Mining Area of Yunnan

[目的]：通过对云南省个旧市矿区周边进行土壤采样，筛选出耐Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺菌株并且对其Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺耐受性进行评价和系统发育分析。[方法]：采用平板法进行微生物菌株分离和Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺耐受性评价，基于16SrDNA和ITS序列对耐受Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺菌株进行系统发育分析。[结果]：共筛选到耐重金属Cd²⁺微生物57株，其中细菌39株，真菌18株；耐重金属Pb²⁺微生物161株，其中细菌121株，真菌40株。对178株菌株耐受性研究发现，细菌在100 mg/L Cd²⁺浓度和2000 mg/L Pb²⁺浓度下耐受性最好，达28.9%和32.2%，真菌在1000 mg/L Cd²⁺浓度耐受性最好，达27.6%，真菌在不同Pd²⁺浓度处理下耐受性均表现出一致为25.0%。菌株对Pb²⁺的耐受性明显好于Cd²⁺。通过16SrDNA和ITS序列和系统发育分析，经鉴定S73-1菌株属于肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)细菌，S156-1为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)细菌，IS73-1为根霉属(Rhizopus)真菌。
[Objective]: Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ tolerance strains from Gejiu mining soil of Yunnan. [Methods]: Microbial strains and their tolerance heavy metals of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ by using the plate separation method, Phylogenetic analysis of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ Tolerance strains based on 16SrDNA and ITS gene sequence. [Results]: 57 strains of Cd²⁺ tolerant microorganisms were isolated by using three media, including 39 bacteria, 18 fungi; 161 strains of Pb²⁺ tolerant microorganisms were isolated, including 121 bacteria, 48 bacteria. The tolerance of 178 strains of bacteria to 100 mg/L Cd²⁺ and 2000 mg/L Pb²⁺ were 28.9% and 32.2% respectively. The tolerance of fungi to 1000 mg/L Cd²⁺ was 27.6%, and the tolerance of fungi to different concentrations of Pd²⁺ was 25.0%. The tolerance of strains to Pb²⁺ was significantly better than that of Cd²⁺. Through phylogenetic analysis of 16SrDNA and ITS gene sequence, it confirmed S73-1 strain as Enterobacter, S156-1 as Acinetobacter and IS73-1 as Rhizopus.