In the regulation of human nervous system,
cognitive function and other genes, epigenetics changes the expression of genes
after being influenced by the external environment. DNA methylation levels are
also different in different ethnic groups, and a large number of studies have shown that
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has a certain genetic predisposition.
Through the national differences of PTSD brain-derived neurotrophic factor
genes, it not only provides new research directions for the pathogenesis and
treatment of 5-HT-related mental diseases, but also provides information and
new genetic indicators for forensic personal identification, paternity testing
and assessment of mental status. A review studies on the national differences
of brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in patients with post-traumatic
stress disorder.
References
[1]
Tam, G., Chan, E.Y.Y. and Liu, S. (2019) Planning of a Health Emergency Disaster Risk Management Programme for a Chinese Ethnic Minority Community. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, E1046.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061046
[2]
Zhang, F., Zheng, H.C. and Liu, C.J. (2019) Forensic Features for Yunnan Lisu Ethnic Minority and Phylogenetic Structure Exploration among 26 Chinese Populations. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 133, 103-104.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-018-1930-5
[3]
Liu, J., Wang, Z., He, G.L., Wang, M.G. and Hou, Y.P. (2019) Genetic Polymorphism and Phylogenetic Differentiation of the Huaxia Platinum System in Three Chinese Minority Ethnicities. Scientific Reports, 9, Article No. 3371.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39794-y
[4]
Ding, Y.P., Niu, H., Yang, H., Sun, P., Chen, Y., Duan, M.L., Xu, D.C., Xu, J.X. and Jin, T.B. (2015) EGLN2 and RNF150 Genetic Variants Are Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Risk in the Chinese Population. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 10, 145-151.
https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S73031
[5]
Schner, J., Heinz, A., Endres, M., Gertz, K. and Kronenberg, G. (2017) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Beyond: An Overview of Rodent Stress Models. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 21, 2248-2256. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.13161
[6]
Mehta, D. and Binder, E.B. (2012) Gene × Environment Vulnerability Factors for PTSD: The HPA-Axis. Neuropharmacology, 62, 654-662.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.03.009
[7]
Lambert, K.G., Nelson, R.J., Jovanovic, T. and Cerdá, M. (2015) Brains in the City: Neurobiological Effects of Urbanization. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 58, 107-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.007
[8]
Lin, X.B., Qi, J.R., Li, Z.Q., et al. (2014) Analysis of 347 Pairs of Couples with Intermediate or Severe Thalassemia Genetic Risk in Hainan Rural Area. Hainan Medicine, 22, 3397-3401.
[9]
Svenaeus, F., et al. (2013) Diagnosing Mental Disorders and Saving the Normal. American Psychiatric Association, 11, 197-120.
[10]
McCarron, K.K., Reinhard, M.J., Bloeser, K.J., Mahan, C.M. and Kang, H.K. (2014) PTSD Diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans: Comparison of Administrative Data to Chart Review. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5, 626-629.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21961
[11]
Schwarzer, R., Cone, J.E., Li, J., Bowler, R.M., et al. (2016) A PTSD Symptoms Trajectory Mediates between Exposure Levels and Emotional Support in Police Responders to 9/11: A Growth Curve Analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 16, 201.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0907-5
[12]
Li, L.J. and Yu, X. (2013) Introduction to the Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Chinese Journal of Neurology, 46, 196-198.
[13]
Joy, D.M., et al. (2013) Genomic and Epigenomic Insights into Nutrition and Brain Disorders. Nutrients, 5, 887-914. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5030887
[14]
Notaras, M., Hill, R., Van, B.M., et al. (2015) The BDNF Gene Val66Met Polymorphism as a Modifier of Psychiatric Disorder Susceptibility: Progress and Controversy. Molecular Psychiatry, 20, 916-930. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.27
[15]
Han, E.J., Kim, Y.K., Hwang, J., Kim, S.H., Lee, H.J., et al. (2015) Evidence for Association between the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene and Panic Disorder: A Novel Haplotype Analysis. Psychiatry Investigation, 12, 112-117.
https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2015.12.1.112
[16]
Sakharnova, T.A., Vedunova, M.V., Mukhina, I.V., et al. (2012) Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Its Role in the Functioning of the Central Nervous System. Neurochemical Journal, 6, 251-259.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819712412030129
[17]
BioVal.Bioon.com (2017) Issue of Cell Magazine: 2017 Brain Science and Brain Intelligence Symposium.
[18]
Lee, B., Sur, B., Yeom, M., et al. (2016) Effects of Systemic Administration of Ibuprofen on Stress Response in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, 20, 357-366.
https://doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.4.357
[19]
Zhang, L., Li, X.X., Hu, X.Z., et al. (2016) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Risk and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met. World Journal of Psychiatry, 6, 553-557. https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v6.i1.1
[20]
Vulturar, R., Chis, A., Hambrich, M., Kelemen, B., Ungureanu, L., et al. (2016) Allelic Distribution of BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism in Healthy Romanian Volunteers. Translational Neuroscience, 7, 31-34. https://doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2016-0006
[21]
Fu, C.H.Y., Legge, M.G., et al. (2015) Ethnic Differences in BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism Reply. British Journal of Psychiatry, 207, 363-364.
https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.207.4.363a
[22]
Andreska, T., Aufmkolk, S., Sauer, M., Blum, R., et al. (2014) High Abundance of BDNF within Glutamatergic Presynapses of Cultured Hippocampal Neurons. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 8, 1411-1443.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2014.00107
[23]
Peters, J., Dieppa-Perea, L.M., Melendez, L.M., et al. (2010) Induction of Fear Extinction with Hippocampal-Infralimbic BDNF. Science, 328, 1288-1290.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1186909
[24]
Lee, H.Y., Kim, Y.K., et al. (2008) Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor as Peripheral Marker for the Action Mechanism of Antidepressant. Neuropsychobiology, 57, 194-199. https://doi.org/10.1159/000149817
[25]
Zhang, H., Ozbay, F., Lappalainen, J., et al. (2009) Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Gene Variants and Alzheimer’s Disease, Affective Disorders, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Substance Dependence. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 141, 387-393.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.b.30332
[26]
Dong, Y.X., Sun, X.H., Yue, H.E., et al. (2014) The Expression of Hippocampal BDNF, TrkB and p75NTR in Depression Model Rats and the Effects of Mirtazapine. Journal of Brain & Nervous Diseases, 3, 302-306.
[27]
Chen, B., Dowlatshahi, D., MacQueen, G.M., et al. (2010) Increased Hippocampal BDNF Immunoreactivity in Subjects Treated with Antidepressant Medication. Biological Psychiatry, 50, 260-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01083-6
[28]
Hwang, J.P., Tsai, S.J., Hong, C.J., et al. (2006) The Val66Met Polymorphism of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Is Associated with Geriatric Depression. Neurobiology of Aging, 27, 1834-1837.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2005.10.013
[29]
Strauss, J., Barr, C.L., George, C.J., et al. (2008) Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Variants Are Associated with Childhood-on-Set Mood Disorder: Confirmation in a Hungarian Sample. Molecular Psychiatry, 10, 861-867.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001685
[30]
Spalletta, G., Morris, D.W., Angelucci, F., et al. (2010) BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism Is Associated with Aggressive Behavior in Schizophrenia. European Psychiatry, 25, 311-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.10.008
[31]
Zintzaras, E., et al. (2007) Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Polymorphisms and Schizophrenia: A Meta Analysis. Psychiatric Genetics, 17, 69-75.
https://doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0b013e32801119da
[32]
Ji, H., Dai, D., Wang, Y., Jiang, D., Zhou, X., et al. (2015) Association of BDNF and BCHE with Alzheimer’s Disease: Meta-Analysis Based on 56 Genetic Case-Control Studies of 12, 563 Cases and 12, 622 Controls. Experimental & Therapeutic Medicine, 9, 1831-1840. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2327
[33]
Martinotti, G., Sepede, G., Brunetti, M., Ricci, V., Gambi, F., et al. (2015) BDNF Concentration and Impulsiveness Level in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Psychiatry Research, 229, 814-818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.085
[34]
Watanabe, Y., Nunokawa, A., et al. (2013) Association of the BDNF C270T Polymorphism with Schizophrenia: Updated Meta-Analysis. Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 67, 123-125. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12018
[35]
Kim, E.-J. and Kim, Y.-K. (2018) 196G/A of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Polymorphisms Predicts Suicidal Behavior in Schizophrenia Patients. Psychiatry Investigation, 15, 733-738. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2018.02.27
[36]
Liu, Y. and Garrett, M.E. (2015) An Examination of the Association between 5-HTTLPR, Combat Exposure, and PTSD Diagnosis among U.S. Veterans. PLoS ONE, 10, e0119998. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119998
[37]
Kimbrel, N.A., Morissette, S.B., Meyer, E.C., Chrestman, R., Jamroz, R., et al. (2014) Effect of the 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans. Anxiety Stress & Coping, 28, 456-466. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2014.973862
[38]
Pietrzak, R.H., Galea, S., Southwick, S.M., Gelernter, J., et al. (2013) Examining the Relation between the Serotonin Transporter 5- HTTPLR Genotype X Trauma Exposure Interaction on a Contemporary Phenotypic Model of Posttraumatic. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148, 123-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.003
[39]
Telch, M.J., Beevers, C.G., David, R., Han-Joo, L., Albert, R., et al. (2015) 5-HTTLPR Genotype Potentiates the Effects of War Zone Stressors on the Emergence of PTSD, Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Soldiers Deployed to Iraq. World Psychiatry Official Journal of the World, 14, 198-206. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20215
[40]
Long, H.X., Liu, B., et al. (2014) A Potential Ethnic Difference in the Association between 5-HTTLPR Polymorphisms and the Brain Default Mode Network. Chinese Science Bulletin, 13, 1355-1361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-014-0185-x
[41]
Pivac, N.T., Nedic, N., Kazantseva, G., Gaysina, A., et al. (2008) Ethnic Differences in the Serotonin Transporter Polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in Several European Populations. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biologic, 32, 1735-1739.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.07.012
[42]
Haberstick, B.C., Smolen, A., et al. (2015) Population Frequencies of the Triallelic 5-HTTLPR in Six Ethnically Diverse Samples from North America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Behavior Genetics, 45, 255-261.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-014-9703-5
[43]
Dougherty, L.R., Klein, D.N., Congdon, E., Canli, T., Hayden, E.P., et al. (2010) Interaction between 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met Polymorphisms on HPA Axis Reactivity in Preschoolers. Biological Psychology, 83, 93-100.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.10.009
[44]
Clasen, P.C., Wells, T.T., et al. (2011) 5-HTTLPR and BDNF Val66Met Polymorphisms Moderate Effects of Stress on Rumination. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 10, 740-746. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-183X.2011.00715.x
