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- 2017
机动车燃油质量及尾气排放与北京市大气污染的相关性
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Abstract:
摘要 采用GC-MS等仪器分析手段对北京市各主要品牌的燃油进行质量分析，并建立以静稳天气下单位体积中的污染物日均变化为相对参照标准计算各污染物贡献率的新思路。首先研究机动车尾气各主要污染物（CO、HC、NO2和SO2）在单位体积的日均排放量，然后分别统计北京市两年（2013年11月-2015年10月）大气中各对应污染物实测的单位体积的日均变化量，再分别计算出汽车尾气对大气各污染物的贡献率。结果如下。1）北京市燃油普遍存在重金属含量超标，硫含量超标，不饱和芳烃含量超标，氮含量偏高（无国标制约）等问题。2）在供暖季，北京市汽车尾气排放的CO、NO2和SO2分别占总CO、NO2和SO2排放的30.1%、72.4%和6.6%；在非供暖季，汽车尾气排放的CO、NO2和SO2分别占总CO、NO2和SO2排放的53.3%、74.3%和20.3%；北京市汽车HC排放全年平均分担率约为67.8%。研究结果表明，燃油是北京市大气污染的主要原因。最后为北京市大气污染的有效治理提出具体的建议和措施。
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