过冷低温推进剂的性能优势及其应用前景
Performance Advantages and Application Prospects of Subcooled Cryogenic Propellants

针对处于沸点温度以下过冷低温推进剂的特点,以热力学原理分析了过冷低温推进剂的性能优势及其获取方式,其热力学性能相对于饱和状态会有显著改善,如提高密度、降低气化压力和增加单位体积显冷量。在介绍了国外过冷低温推进剂研究与应用的基础上,讨论了我国的研究现状和应用前景。理论分析和初步地面试验结果表明,过冷低温推进剂作为航天燃料应用于航天运载工具之中优势明显,可显著增加有效载荷,降低发射成本,延长深空探测任务时间,但对于实际应用中可能遇到的技术难题,应作进一步的深入研究。文中的研究结果对未来中国开展过冷低温推进剂的研究和应用具有一定的借鉴和参考意义。
Aiming at the characteristics of subcooled cryogenic propellant, the benefits and accessing of its performance are analyzed using the thermodynamic principle. Compared with saturated propellants, subcooled propellants have several advantages such as higher density, lower vapourized pressure, and higher sensible cooling capacity per unit volume. Moreover, the overseas and domestic research status to the subcooled cryogenic propellant and its applications are introduced. Theoretical analysis and the results of preliminary test on ground show that the subcooled cryogenic propellant has a remarkable performance in the aerospace applications since it can significantly increase the payload mass of launch vehicles, reduce the launch cost, and extend the deep？？space exploration time. However, there are still a series of technology challenges that must be overcome before it is applied in practice. The present study can provide a certain reference for the future researches and applications of the subcooled cryogenic propellant in China