平衡二元性与企业绩效关系再研究
Rethinking the relationship between organizational ambidexterity and firm performance

探索和利用二元平衡是企业重要的战略选择。然而，理论界对平衡二元性与企业绩效关系的研究呈现出相悖的结论。文章尝试通过平衡二元性的维度细化和作用情境引入两条路径消除已有研究的悖论：一方面，通过区分高能平衡和低能平衡，发现高能平衡促进企业绩效而低能平衡对企业绩效存在负面影响；另一方面，引入种群生态理论"生态位选择"的观点，考察环境动荡性的情境调节效应，发现环境动荡程度（市场环境和技术环境）对平衡二元性与企业绩效关系存在显著的负向调节作用。研究结论说明低能平衡并不能带来绩效的显著提升，而且在高度动荡的环境中，二元平衡（通才策略）并不利于提高企业绩效，反而是偏才（专注于探索或利用）致胜。研究结论对于商业生态竞争趋势下的企业战略选择具有重要启示意义。
Balancing exploration and exploitation and being an ambidextrous organization has been a crucial strategic decision for many firms.However,there's mixed conclusion of relationship between organizational ambidexterity and firm performance in current literature.This paper tries to resolve the paradox of organizational ambidexterity and firm performance by two means.First,this paper distinguishes organizational ambidexterity into high-level balance or low-level balance and the result shows that firms with high-level balance ambidextrous firms exceed those low-level balance ambidextrous firms.Second,based on the niche width decision from ecological population theory,this paper introduces environmental turbulence to explore its effect on the relationship between organizational ambidexterity and firm performance,the result shows environmental turbulence negatively moderates the relationship between ambidexterity and firm performance.In conclusion,low-level balance brings no better performance,especially in highly dynamic environment,specialists (focused on exploration or exploitation) bring better performance than generalists (balancing exploration and exploitation).The conclusions provide meaningful reference for firms making strategic decision in business ecosystem competition.