不同轮作模式对花生病虫害及产量的影响
Effects of different rotation patterns on peanut diseases, pests and yield

为探明水旱轮作模式对花生土传病虫害及其产量的影响，设水旱轮作不施药、水旱轮作减施药、旱旱轮作常规施药和旱旱轮作不施药（CK）4种处理，于2014-2016年对花生果腐病、白绢病和蛴螬虫害的发生情况进行调查，并对花生产量及其构成因素进行考种分析。结果表明，水旱轮作不施药处理的花生果腐病病情指数和发病率分别较CK显著降低90.40%和96.55%，防控效果达96.34%；水旱轮作减施药处理对花生果腐病的防控效果为81.49%；旱旱轮作常规施药处理对花生果腐病防控效果。水旱轮作和旱旱轮作常规施药处理对白绢病均防控效果。水旱轮作不施药、水旱轮作减施药和旱旱轮作常规施药处理对蛴螬的防控效果分别为63.80%、65.50%和66.20%。水旱轮作不施药与旱旱轮作常规施药处理相比，株结果数、株果重和产量分别显著降低15.03%、12.14%和6.33%，株饱果数和出仁率分别显著提高13.88%和3.01%，株根瘤个数显著提高166.22%；水旱轮作减施药与旱旱轮作常规施药处理相比，株结果数、株果重、产量、百仁重和出仁率均显著差异，株饱果数显著提高14.33%，株根瘤个数显著提高122.97%。表明水旱轮作模式对花生果腐病和蛴螬有较理想的防控效果，且使花生产量结构明显优化，根瘤菌数量显著提高。
To clarify the influence of paddy-upland rotation on soil-transmitted pests, diseases and peanuts yield, four types of treatments, including paddy-upland rotation without pesticides, paddy-upland rotation reduction pesticides, dry rotation with pesticides and dry rotation without pesticides (CK), were adopted. The occurrence of peanut pod rot, Sclerotium blight and grubs were investigated from 2014 to 2016, and peanut yield and its components were analyzed. The results showed that the disease index and morbidity of peanut pod rot from paddy-upland rotation without pesticides were 90.40% and 96.55% significantly lower than that of CK, the control efficacy achieved 96.34%, the control efficacy from paddy-upland rotation reduction pesticide was 81.49%, and the treatment of dry rotation with pesticides had no effect on control of peanut pod rot. There was no prevention and control effect on peanut Sclerotium blight in paddy-upland crop rotation and dry crop rotation with pesticides. The control efficacy of the non-pesticide application in paddy-upland rotation and pesticide-reducing in paddy-upland rotations treatments to peanut grubs were 63.80% and 65.50%, respectively, and the treatment of dry rotation with pesticides also had a good control efficacy of 66.20%. Compared with the conventional treatment of dry rotation with pesticide, the number of peanut pod per plant, pod weight per plant and yield from the treatment of paddy-upland rotation without pesticides significantly decreased by 15.03%, 12.14% and 6.33%, respectively; and the number of full pod per plant and kernel rate significantly increased by 13.88% and 3.01%, while the number of rhizobia increased by 166.22%. No significant differences were found in the number of peanut pod per plant, pod weight per plant, yield, kernel weight and kernel rate between the treatments of paddy-upland rotation reducing pesticides and conventional dry rotation with pesticide application; the number of full pod per plant significantly increased by 14.33% while the