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- 2018
蒲绒活性炭负载Fe2O3的制备及其在软质聚氯乙烯中的阻燃应用
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Abstract:
以蒲绒为原料、H3PO4为活化剂制备了蒲绒活性炭（AC），利用浸渍焙烧法，制备了AC负载Fe2O3（AC-Fe2O3）复合物，将AC及AC-Fe2O3应用于软质聚氯乙烯（PVC）的阻燃处理，制备了AC阻燃软质PVC（AC/PVC）复合材料和AC负载Fe2O3阻燃软质PVC（AC-Fe2O3/PVC）复合材料。采用热重分析法研究了AC/PVC和AC-Fe2O3/PVC阻燃复合材料的热分解行为，采用极限氧指数（LOI）、垂直燃烧（UL-94）、锥形量热（CONE）等方法测试了AC/PVC和AC-Fe2O3/PVC阻燃复合材料的阻燃性能。结果表明：添加阻燃剂所制备的PVC基复合材料均达到UL-94 V-0级，LOI值均有提高。相比纯PVC，AC/PVC和AC-Fe2O3/PVC复合材料的热释放速率峰值和烟释放总量均有明显降低。这主要是由于AC和Fe2O3在凝聚相发挥协同阻燃作用。一方面AC的加入起到了物理阻隔的作用；另一方面Fe2O3的加入促进了PVC的早期交联碳化反应，催化PVC在燃烧前期形成更加稳定的炭层，使残炭率提高，可以有效抑制PVC的燃烧。 The activated carbon (AC) was synthesized using cattail as a raw material and H3PO4 as an activator. Activated carbon supported Fe2O3 (AC-Fe2O3) composite was prepared by a dipping-roasting method. The obtained AC and AC-Fe2O3 were incorporated into the flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to prepare AC/PVC and AC-Fe2O3/PVC, respectively. The thermal decomposition behavior of AC/PVC and AC-Fe2O3/PVC composites was investigated by thermal gravity analysis; the flame retardation of AC/PVC and AC-Fe2O3/PVC composites was studied by limiting oxygen index test (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94) and cone calorimeter (CONE). The results show that AC/PVC and AC-Fe2O3/PVC composites can meet the requirement of V-0 grade in UL-94 test and LOI value is higher. Both the peak heat release rate and total smoke release for AC/PVC and AC-Fe2O3/PVC composites decrease significantly in comparison to neat PVC. The enhancement for AC/PVC and AC-Fe2O3/PVC composites in flame retardation mainly attributes to synergistic effect of AC and Fe2O3 in condensed phase. On one hand, it can be assigned to the physical barrier effect of the AC; on the other hand, during the earlier stage of combustion of PVC, Fe2O3 promotes the crosslinking carbonization reaction which can catalyze charring of PVC to form a more stable char layer, improving the char residual ratio and effectively suppressing combustion of PVC.
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