几种不同改性剂对稻草/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯复合材料性能的影响
Performance enhancement of straw/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene composites modified by several different kinds of modifiers

以稻草纤维及丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）为原料，分别以活性炭、Al2O3、SiO2和硅烷偶联剂为增强改性剂，通过混炼-模压工艺制备了改性剂-稻草/ABS复合材料，对比研究了几种不同增强改性剂的增强效果及其增强机制。结果表明：硅烷偶联剂对稻草/ABS复合材料的增强效果较差，活性炭、Al2O3和SiO2对稻草/ABS复合材料的增强均优于硅烷偶联剂，其中Al2O3的增强效果最佳。当Al2O3的添加量（Al2O3∶ABS质量比）为5%时，Al2O3-稻草/ABS复合材料的拉伸、弯曲及冲击强度分别达到最大值27.719 MPa、61.05 MPa和26.53 kJ/m2；当无机物添加量（无机物∶ABS质量比）为5%时，复合材料的耐水性能表现为：5% Al2O3 > 5%活性炭 > 5% SiO2 > 未添加，与复合材料的力学性能梯度相符；改性剂-稻草/ABS复合材料的流变性能则表现为：5%活性炭 > 5% Al2O3 > 5% SiO2 > 未添加。 The rice straw fiber and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)were used for the raw materials. The acticarbon, Al2O3、SiO2 and silane coupling agent were used for modifiers, respectively. The modifier-straw fiber/ABS composites were prepared via mixing molding process. The reinforcing effect and its strengthening mechanism of several different modifiers were compared. The results show that the effect of silane coupling agent on the straw fiber/ABS composites is poor, and the strengthening of the acticarbon, Al2O3 and SiO2 on the composite is better than silane coupling agents, in which the enhancement effect of Al2O3 is the best. When the mass ratio(Al2O3:ABS) of Al2O3 is 5%, the tensile, flexural and impact strength reach the maximum values which is 27.719 MPa, 61.05 MPa and 26.53 kJ/m2; when the amount of inorganic addition is 5%(inorganic:ABS), the water resistance of composite adheres to:5% Al2O3 >5% acticarbon > 5% SiO2 > not added, which is in accordance with the gra-dient of mechanical properties of the modifier-straw fiber/ABS composites, the rheological properties of composite adhere to:5% acticarbon > 5% Al2O3 > 5% SiO2 > not added. 国家林业公益性行业科研专项（201504503）；湖南省科技计划项目（2015SK2069）