尼龙纤维增强纺织废胶吸声复合材料的性能
Properties of textile waste rubber sound absorption composites reinforced with nylon fiber

为了提高纺织废胶粉(TWRP)的回收利用的价值, 首先, 利用TWRP和单孔中空尼龙纤维(NF)制备了一系列NF/TWRP吸声复合材料.然后, 通过动态热机械分析仪(DMA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、吸声仪及电子织物拉伸仪等仪器对复合材料的性能和微观结构进行了测试及分析.结果表明:NF的加入导致复合材料的阻尼损耗因子峰值及峰值对应的玻璃化转变温度下降;随NF含量的增加, 阻尼损耗因子的峰值继续下降, 而玻璃化转变温度变化不大.NF构成的中空纤维网络结构赋予了复合材料吸声性能, 复合材料的刚强性得到了明显改善;NF含量越高, 纤维网络结构越完善, 复合材料的吸声性能就越高;复合材料的应力越大, 应变越小.当NF含量为50wt%时, 1 mm厚的NF/TWRP复合材料在2 500 Hz下的吸声系数高达0.476;当NF含量从10wt%增加到50wt%时, NF/TWRP复合材料的应力从112.1 MPa增大到161.6 MPa, 而对应的应变从136.6%变化到13.2%.所得结论为使用TWRP进行功能化开发吸声材料提供了理论基础. In order to improve the value of recycling utilization of the textile waste rubber powder (TWRP), a series of nylon fiber (NF)/TWRP sound absorption composites were prepared using TWRP and single-hole hollow NF firstly. Then, the properties and microstructure of the composites were measured and analyzed by instruments of dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis apparatus (DMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), absorption instrument and electronic fabric tensile tester et al. The results illustrate that the addition of NF leads to the decreasing of the peak value of damping loss factor and the corresponding glass transition temperature of peak value. With the NF content increasing, the peak value of damping loss factor continues to decrease, whereas the glass transition temperature changes little. The hollow fiber network structure formed by NF makes the composite endowed with sound absorption property, and the rigidity and strength of composites have been obviously improved. The higher the NF content is, the more perfect the fiber network structure will be, and the sound absorption properties of composites improve; the higher the stress of composites is, the lower the strain is. When the NF content is 50wt%, the sound absorption coefficient of NF/TWRP composites with the thickness of 1 mm will be up to 0.476 under the frequency of 2 500 Hz. When the NF content increases from 10wt% to 50wt%, the stress of NF/TWRP composites increases from 112.1 MPa to 161.6 MPa, and the corresponding strain varies from 136.6% to 13.2%. The obtained conclusions provide theoretical basis for functional development of sound absorption materials by using TWRP. 江苏南通市科技局应用研究(BK2013064);中国纺织工业联合会科技指导性项目(2013115);江苏省"青蓝工程"项目(苏教师(2014)23号);江苏省高校优秀科技团队项目(苏教科(2013)10号)