新规则视野下国际式摔跤项目技战术运用特征研究——以2015年世界摔跤锦标赛为例
Characteristics of Technique and Tactics Application of International Wrestling Under the New Rules：Take the 2015 World Wrestling Championship as an Example

摘要：通过文献资料法、专家访谈法、录像分析法和数理统计法，对规则变化后2015年世锦赛三跤运动员比赛中攻防效率表现、技战术运用特点进行统计分析，并与2011年、2013年世锦赛进行比较研究，以期为东京奥运周期国际式摔跤项目的备战提供针对性的理论参考。研究表明：规则变化后比赛中攻防效率和综合表现指数均有提高，运动员主动得分和进攻能力增强，攻防兼备和最大限度得分是获取胜利的保证；男、女自由式比赛中站立时抱腿及变化、大分值动作和反攻动作，跪撑中滚桥、交叉握小腿使用比例增加，翻转、警告和边界战术使用降低，战术以打对方消极判罚为主；古典式比赛中站立时大分值动作，跪撑中的滚桥均有增长，站立中抱摔动作和打边界战术应用减少，警告战术的应用增加；古典式比赛中站立和跪撑技术分值的获得与比赛中警告的判罚密切相关，且站立和跪撑得分比例情况反映出比赛中运动员在站立时主动得分能力和技术动作变化少的问题。针对这种情况，下一步规则变化或将从两方面进行：进一步加大古典式比赛中站立状态时的消极判罚力度；减少比赛中判罚跪撑的次数。
Abstract: By the methods of literature review, expert interviews, video analysis and mathematical statistics, this research analyzed the offensive and defensive efficiency and the technical and tactical characteristics of the 2015 World Wrestling Championships after the change of the rules, and compared these data with that in the 2011, 2013 World Championships, hoped to provide targeted theoretical reference for the preparation of international Wrestling events in Tokyo Olympic cycle. The results showed that: After the change of the rules, the offensive and defensive efficiency and the comprehensive performance index were improved; the active scoring and attacking ability of the athletes were enhanced, offensive and defensive abilities and the maximum score are the guarantee of victory. In freestyle, the proportion of movements of leg holding and changes during standing, big score action and counterattack action, rolling bridge at kneeling, and cross leg increased; rolling-over, warning and border tactics were less, and tactics were to promote the other side to be negatively punished. In Graeco-Roman wrestling, big score action during standing and rolling bridge at kneeling were used more frequency, hold and throw movement and border tactic were used less, warning tactic was used more. In Graeco-Roman wrestling, the score of standing and kneeling was closely related to the warning judgment in competition, the score of standing and kneeling reflected that athletes have low ability to take initiative and little changes in technical movements when standing. In view of this situation, the next rule change may be carried out from two aspects: further increase the intensity of negative penalty in standing state in Graeco-Roman wrestling; and reduce the number of penalty kneeling in competition