不同专项运动员最大摄氧量及主要影响因素分析
VO2max and Its Main Influencing Factors of Athletes with Different Events

摘要：目的：分析不同专项运动员最大摄氧量（VO2max）、肺、血液、心脏和骨骼肌功能相关指标是否具有专项特征，探究不同区间VO2max的主要影响因素。方法：选取61名不同专项运动员为研究对象（3组：爆发力-举重WL、混氧-摔跤WR、耐力-铁人三项TA），直接测试法测定VO2max；肺功能仪、CO吸入法、心脏彩超和近红外光谱仪等测定肺、血液、心脏和骨骼肌等相关指标。结果：1）不同专项运动员VO2max及其影响因素均具有显著专项差异，TA组VO2max显著高出WL、WR组35%和15%，其心肺、血液、骨骼肌功能相关指标也显著高于WL、WR组。2）不同专项VO2max的主要影响因素不同，在分层回归分析中发现不同VO2max区间，不同系统功能对其贡献率不一样，WL专项中tHb的贡献率△R2为0.042； WR专项中肌氧相对有效下降值（Deff）和tHb的贡献率△R2分别为0.051和0.048；TA专项中Deff的△R2为0.060。结论：不同专项训练使得运动员的VO2max、肺、血液、心脏、骨骼肌功能具有专项特征；不同范围内VO2max的主要影响因素不同，高耐力组主要是骨骼肌利用氧的能力，混氧组主要是血红蛋白总量和骨骼肌利用氧的能力，而爆发力组主要是血红蛋白总量。
Abstract: Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether the related indexes of VO2max, lung, blood, heart and skeletal muscle function of athletes with different events have specific characteristics, and to detect the main influencing factors of VO2max. Methods: Totally 61 athletes with different events (3 groups: weight lifting (WL, explosive force), wrestling (WR, aerobic-anaerobic mixing), triathlon (TA, endurance) were recruited in this study; their VO2max was measured by direct testing, and the related indexes of lung, blood, heart and skeletal muscle were tested by pulmonary function instrument, CO inhalation method, color echocardiography and near infrared spectroscopy. Results: 1) VO2max and its influencing factors of different event athletes have significant differences. VO2max of TA group was significantly higher than that of WL and WR groups by 35% and 15%, and the related indexes of cardiopulmonary, blood and skeletal muscle function of TA group were also significantly higher than those of WL and WR groups. 2) The main influencing factors of VO2max different event athletes were different. In hierarchical regression analysis, it was found that the contribution rate of different system was different in different VO2max intervals. The R2 of tHb in WL group was 0.042; the R2 of tHb and Deff in WR were 0.051 and 0.048 respectively; and the R2 of Deff was 0.060. Conclusions: Different sports events training makes the VO2max, lung, blood, heart and skeletal muscle function of athletes have special characteristics. The main influencing factors of different ranges VO2max are different; in endurance group, the muscular oxygen utilization is the most important factor; in aerobic-anaerobic mixing group, tHb and muscular oxygen utilization play a more important role in limiting of VO2max; and in anaerobic group, tHb is the most important influencing factor