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-  2016 

231例极低/超低出生体重儿住院情况回顾性分析 Retrospective Analysis on the Treatment of 231 Cases of Very Low or Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants

Keywords: 极低出生体重儿,超低出生体重儿,住院情况

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Abstract:

目的:探讨2009年及2014年极低出生体重儿(VLBWI)和超低出生体重儿(ELBWI)住院情况及治疗效果的变化与进步。方法:以湖北省妇幼保健院新生儿科作为单中心进行研究,回顾性分析该院新生儿重症监护室(NICU)2014年住院的100例(A组)出生体重<1 500g患儿围产期情况、营养、呼吸支持治疗、合并症、结局等方面在内的住院信息,并与2009年在该中心住院的131例同类患儿(B组)相关信息进行比较,分析5年间2组患儿各项资料及住院结局的变化。结果:A组出生胎龄为(30.7±2.4)周;出生体重(1 278.1±142.1)g;男女比为1.94,与B组相比没有显著差异。A组双胎或多胎的比率(53%vs.44%,P<0.01)、产前激素使用率(26%vs.7.6%,P<0.01)、进入母婴同室的人数(44%vs.25%,P<0.01)及母婴同室中体重增长速度(24.1±13.4 vs.11.7±14.6,P<0.01)、肺泡表面活性物质(PS)使用率(32%vs.13.7%,P<0.01)、机械通气时间(5dvs.2d,P<0.01)、外周中心静脉置管(PICC)使用率(63%vs.13%,P<0.01)、动脉导管未闭(PDA)(36%vs.18.3%,P<0.01)、早产儿视网膜病(ROP)(13%vs.3.8%,P<0.05)及支气管肺发育不良(BPD)发生率(20%vs.5.3%,P<0.05)、住院天数(40dvs.21d,P<0.01)及住院费用(47 229元人民币vs.26 194元人民币,P<0.01)等方面均显著高于B组。A组出院体重、治愈及好转率均较B组有显著提高。结论:在过去的5年中,虽然在早产儿的治疗方法及效果上有很大提高,但在产前激素使用率、呼吸管理、营养管理、院内感染防治等方面仍存在不足,需要有针对性的改进,以期望可进一步降低并发症的发生率及死亡率

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