云南新平哀牢山红瘰疣螈的陆地求偶交配行为模式
Courtship Behavior Mode of Red Knobby Newt, Tylototriton shanjing,in Land Environment of Ailao Mountain, Xinping, Yunnan

中文摘要：红瘰疣螈 Tylototriton shanjing为云南山地环境中典型的有尾两栖类,其求偶交配行为模式尚未被系统研究。2013—2014年对云南省新平县哀牢山繁殖期红瘰疣螈在陆地环境中的求偶交配模式进行了观察。研究结果显示,红瘰疣螈的求偶交配行为是按照一定时序进行的,整个过程由定位、静止展示、劝导展示和精子转移4个阶段组成。在求偶交配中雄性个体行为包括:警戒、追逐、阻拦、蹑行、嗅探、轻推、诱导、扇尾、侧行和产精包等类型。雌性个体的行为包括离开、静止、跟随、纳精包等类型。雄性行为较雌性复杂,雄性在求偶交配行为过程中占据主动。雌雄的识别主要以视觉为主,整个求偶交配过程中无抱握行为,雄性尾部的运动也比较单一,这些行为的变化可能是对在陆地求偶交配的适应。
英文摘要：Red knobby newt ( Tylototriton shanjing) is a typical species of caudate amphibian in Yunnan montane area, however, little was known on its courtship and mating behaviors. In this study, field observation and laboratory trials were conducted to investigate the courtship and mating behaviors of the red knobby newt in land environment from 2013 to 2014 in Ailao Mountain, Xinping county, Yunnan province. The results showed that the courtship and mating behaviors of the newts proceeded in sequence, including orientation, static display, lure display and spermatophore transfer. The courtship and mating behaviors of males were consisted of alert, pursuit, interception, creep, sniff, nudge, lure, tail-fanning, lateral walk and spermatophore deposition, and the behaviors of females were moving away, stationary, following and retrieval of sperm. The courtship behaviors of males were more complicated than those of females. Males always had the initiative during the process of courtship and mating. Visual recognition might be the main cognition style between the genders. No amplexus was observed in land courtship and mating of newts. The movements of tail were relatively monotonous. These changes in courtship and mating behaviors might be due to the adaptation to land environments. 2015,34(6): 838-845 收稿日期：2015-05-06 DOI：10.11984/j.issn.1000-7083.20150163 分类号：Q959.5 基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31160427); 云南省社会发展基础研究面上项目(No.2008CD106) 作者简介：倪宝森,男,硕士研究生,研究方向:动物学,E-mail:982021883@qq.com *通讯作者：敬凯,E-mail:dunlin@sina.com 参考文献： 李骏, 刘安柱, 李湘, 等. 2012. 红瘰疣螈的繁殖生态[J]. 动物学杂志, 47(2): 8-15. 刘旭红, 张晓翠, 李骏, 等. 2013. 降雨决定繁殖期红瘰疣螈的活动性[J]. 四川动物, 32(6): 867-872. 田应洲, 孙爱群, 李松. 1998. 贵州疣螈繁殖生态的研究[J]. 四川动物, 17(2): 60-64. 杨国辉, 杨自忠, 徐吉山. 2012. 红瘰疣螈繁殖习性初步研究[J]. 大理学院学报: 综合版, 11(4): 50-52. Arnold SJ. 1976. Sexual behavior, sexual interference and sexual defense in the salamanders Ambystoma maculatum, Ambystoma tigrinum and Plethodon jordani[J]. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 42(3): 247-300. Bruni G, Romano A. 2011. Courtship behaviour, mating season and male sexual interference in Salamandrina perspicillata (Savi, 1821)[J]. Amphibia-Reptilia, 32(1): 63-76. Denoel M, Hector MP, Poncin P. 2005. Courtship behavior in the Alpine newt Triturus alpestris at two