《说文解字》的汉字理论及汉字解释考辨

字形是根据某一字义造的,那么这个字形只是这个字义的字形,当这个字形表示其他任何意义时,即其他意义借用了这个字形,这就是假借。因此,《说文解字》的假借是指:一个字形表示与其构造时依据的意义以外的其他任何意义,其中包括引申义。《说文解字》的假借本身包括无其字的假借和有其字的假借两种,“本无其字”说明的是假借起源于有词无字。原本没有字,后来可能出现两种现象:一是一直没有字,二是后来产生了本字。前一种就是无其字的假借,后一种就成了有其字的假借。汉字形体具有阶段性,同一个字在不同阶段的形体有可能发生变化,对其的解释也自然不能相同。《说文解字》的字义解释有造意和实义的区别,造意是汉字的造字意图,即通过怎样的形体来表现字义,是造字时的一种构想。
Abstract：When this glyph is used to indicate any other meaning, other meanings borrow (jiajie) this glyph. Jiajie is defined in Shuowen jiezi: a glyph indicates the extended meaning beyond its original meaning when it is created. There are two types of jiajie in Shuowen jiezi: one has the original word, the other doesn't. Jiajie originates from the condition that a lexical meaning exists while there is no specific glyph to represent it. The new glyph may not survive all through the time, so jiajie in this case is used without an original word. The new glyph may also come into being later, and thus the jiajie will has its original word. Glyph of the same character may vary through different periods, so does its explanations.