中国油页岩粉尘爆炸特性实验研究

摘要 为掌握中国油页岩粉尘爆炸特性，利用标准测试装置对国内4个主要矿区的油页岩样品进行了粉尘着火敏感度及爆炸猛度实验研究，并和煤粉尘的爆炸特性进行了对比分析.结果表明，粉尘层最低着火温度为240~280℃，粉尘云最低着火温度为440~560℃，与烟煤热引燃敏感性近似；油页岩粉尘云最小点火能为0.2~16J，分布范围较宽，其大小与样品挥发分含量负相关；粉尘爆炸下限为200~225g/m3，高于烟煤；爆炸猛度在300~2500g/m3质量浓度范围内表现先增后减的趋势，最大值为烟煤的2/3.研究结果对了解中国油页岩粉尘爆炸危险性、选择工艺防爆方法具有参考价值.
Abstract：To understand China’s oil shale dust explosion parameters， by using standard apparatus， a set of experiments has been conducted on the ignition sensitivity and the explosion severity of shale dusts from four main mining areas， and the results are analyzed by comparing with coal dust. The results show that the ignition temperature of the shale dust layer is between 240~280℃， the dust cloud ignition temperature is between 440~560℃， both are approximate to that of bituminous coal. The minimum ignition of dust cloud has a wide distribution from 0.2 to 16J， which has a negative relationship with the volatile content of the shale sample. The explosion limit of oil shale is between 200~225g/m3， higher than that of bituminous coal. From 300 to 2500g/m3 the explosion severity firstly increases with the dust concentration and goes down afterward， the maximum value is about 2/3 of the bituminous. The results of the study are helpful for understanding shale dust explosion risk and selecting process explosion-proof methods.