高新技术产业集聚对劳动生产率的影响研究——基于中国省级面板数据的实证检验

摘要 高新技术产业的发展特性使其集聚程度高于其他行业，并对劳动生产率产生重要影响。利用2004-2014年中国31个省份高新技术产业"二位数"行业的面板数据，就高新技术产业集聚对劳动生产率的影响进行线性和非线性双重回归，实证结果表明，高新技术产业多样化集聚能提升劳动生产率但其显著性并不稳健，而专业化集聚则会抑制劳动生产率的提升。分地区考察发现，东部和中部地区高新技术产业多样化集聚与专业化集聚对劳动生产率的影响均不显著，西部地区对劳动生产率的影响与全国层面的结果一致。以多样化集聚和专业化集聚进行门限回归的结果表明，高新技术产业集聚对劳动生产率的影响存在复杂的非线性关系，且这种关系在各地区存在一定的差异。其中，高新技术产业多样化集聚在全国、东部地区以及中部地区均存在双重门槛效应，西部地区则不存在门槛效应；全国层面与中部地区高新技术产业专业化集聚在第二个门槛值之前对劳动生产率均有负的显著的影响，大于第二个门槛值后影响则不显著；东部与西部地区在两个门槛值前后均呈现负的显著的影响。将人力资本作为门槛变量的进一步检验，则证实了高新技术产业集聚对中国劳动生产率影响的空间异质性和阶段性特征。
Abstract： The development characteristics of high-tech industry makes its agglomeration level higher than other industries,which has an important influence on labor productivity.This paper uses high-tech "double-digit" industry panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2004 to 2014 to make linear regression and non-linear regression in the impacts of high-tech industry agglomeration on labor productivity.The results of linear regression show that diversification agglomeration of high-tech industry can improve China's labor productivity,but its significance is not robust,and specialization agglomeration will restrain the improvement of labor productivity.What's more,it is found that the impacts of diversification and specialization agglomeration on labor productivity in the eastern region and the central region is not significant,and the effect on labor productivity in the western region is consistent with that at the national level.The panel threshold tests show that the effect of high-tech industry agglomeration on labor productivity is a complex nonlinear relationship,which has some differences in different regions.Diversified agglomeration of high-tech industry is more consistent with nationwide,the eastern region and the central region,and there is no threshold effect in the western region.There is a significant negative impact on labor productivity both at the national level and in the central region before the second threshold,while the second threshold has no significant effect on labor productivity.There are negative and significant effects before and after the two thresholds in the eastern and western regions.A further investigation of the human capital as the threshold variable reveals that there is a certain spatial heterogeneity and stage characteristics in the impacts of high-tech industry agglomeration on labor productivity in China.