负重对行军士兵下肢步态特征的影响

目的 评定负重行军对下肢步态产生的影响。方法 采用随机交互设计，15名健康男性受试者进行4次步行，作训着装0、7.5、27、50 kg，分别采用Vicon运动捕捉系统和AMTI测力台检测髋部、膝部和踝部运动学参数的变化。结果 随着负重增加，周期性步频相对增加，步幅减小，基本上维持在恒定速度；左右髋关节屈角峰值、外旋角度峰值以及左右膝关节内收峰值受到影响较为明显，但关节运动幅度能够维持。左踝关节内翻角度峰值以及右踝关节外翻角度峰值同样受到影响；下肢左右膝、踝关节的力和力矩增加。结论 在既定负荷范围内，负重增加，整体上下肢关节变化较为稳定，但下肢负荷增加，可潜在增加下肢损伤的风险。
Objective To evaluate the influence of different load carriages during military walking on the gait of lower limbs. Methods In a randomized cross-over design, 15 healthy young males were asked to perform self-paced walking with a normal uniform under a load carriage of 0 kg, 7.5 kg, 27 kg, and 50 kg for four times. The kinematics parameters of the pelvis, knee, and ankle were evaluated by the Vicon motion capture system and AMTI force plates. Results With increasing load carriage, the stride frequency relatively improved, whereas the stride reduced and the speed was maintained on the whole. The peak left/right hip flexion and extension angle and peak knee adduction angle were obviously affected by the load carriage, whereas the movement magnitudes could be maintained. The peak varus angle of the left ankle and peak valgus angle of the right ankle were also affected. The peak force and moment of the left/right knee and ankle increased. Conclusions With increasing load carriage, overall, the movement magnitudes of lower limb joints were maintained under the given loads, whereas the lower limb loads were increased, which could increase the potential risk of lower limb injuries.