颈动脉易损斑块的生物力学机制和破裂风险评价指标

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的破裂和继发血栓形成是导致缺血性脑中风的最主要原因。颈动脉斑块局部的生物力学状况及形态、成分和生物学活性均与颈动脉斑块的破裂风险密切相关。综述和分析颈动脉狭窄斑块生物力学的研究方法、颈动脉狭窄易损斑块破裂风险及临床治疗决策、颈动脉易损斑块的动物模型及实验、颈动脉斑块成分和生物学活性等方面的研究进展和存在问题，并就有关颈动脉易损斑块的生物力学机制和破裂风险评价指标的研究前景进行展望，希望为确定合理的颈动脉狭窄治疗适应证提供必要的理论依据。
The rupture of carotid atherosclerotic plaques and thrombosis are the main risk factor for ischemic stroke. The risk of carotid plaque rupture is closely related with the local biomechanical situation, morphology, components and biological activity of the carotid plaques. In this article, the research progress on methodology for studying carotid stenosis biomechanics, the risk of vulnerable plaque rupture in carotid stenosis and decision-making in clinical treatment, the animal modeling and experiment on vulnerable carotid plaques, and the components and biological activities of carotid plaques was summarized, the existing problems were analyzed, and the in-depth prospective about the biomechanical mechanism and quantitative assessment indices for vulnerable carotid plaques was also proposed, expecting to provide necessary theoretical guidance for feasible decision-making on the treatment of carotid stenosis.