刑事判决在民事诉讼中的效力 ――英国规则的演进与启示

自17世纪开始，英国的刑事判决在民事诉讼中的预决力规则总体上经历了从“不可采”到“有限可采”的发展与变化历程。证据规则、判决效力规则等技术性因素与程序公正、节约司法资源、维护裁判统一性等政策性因素的共同作用，决定了刑事判决预决力的作用范围与作用方式。在我国，技术性规范的缺失与实务中法官基于工作便利、规避风险等现实需求考虑，导致了刑事判决预决力在立法与实务中的扩大化与绝对化。欲解决这一问题，必须对刑事判决涉及的事实进行细致分类，对刑事判决的预决力的范围进行精确的界定。同时，还应从维护案外人程序参与权、民事审判权的独立性与专业性的角度，对刑事判决的预决力加以限制。
From 17th century, in England the effect of criminal conviction in subsequent civil actions transformed from “inadmissible” to “limited-admissible”. Both technical factors such as evidence rule and estoppels etc and policy considerations which includes due process, saving judicial resource, the practical need to keep unity of the judgment and so on, jointly decide the effect and the scope of criminal judgment. In China, the absence of technical factors and the practical considerations of judges such as convenience and risk-escaping contribute to improper enlargement of the effect of criminal judgment. In order to solve the problem, the facts decided in criminal judgment should be elaborately classified, and the scope of the effect of criminal judgment should be carefully defined. At the same time, the effect of criminal judgment should also be restricted from the perspective of the outsider？？s right to participate in the proceedings and of the independence and professionalism of civil adjudication.