This piece of work covers thirteen (13) AIDS assistance programs sites over
the period 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2015. The study is retrospective,
descriptive, and cross-sectional based on 292 clinical cases of HIV infected
children aged between 0 and 14 years old. A regional committee was charged
to validate antiretroviral treatment (ART) prescriptions on a weekly basis. We
have also used data from the regional committee register. HIV infected children
represent 5.1% of casework on ART. The average starting age for ART was
4.5 years (1 - 180 months) with a sex ratio (Male/Female) of 0.9. The clinical
classifications according to WHO guidelines were: Stage III (52.3%) and Stage
IV (20.3%). The most frequent opportunistic infections were: wasting
(40.12%), digestive candida infection (29.0%), acute respiratory infections
(22.8%) and skin diseases (17.9%). The HIV type 1 was detected on all of the
children (100%). The average rate of CD4 at the beginning of the ART was
552.98 cells/mm3, leading to a severe immuno-suppression in many cases
(44.8%). The initial ART was essentially NEVIRAPINE + LAMIVUDINE +
STAVUDINE. HIV infections diagnosis are usually late in the Central Region
of Togo and will therefore be improved by the UNAIDS 90-90-90 strategic
plan by 2020, through various initiatives. These are: the Prevention of Mother
to Child HIV Transmission (PMTCT), the Early Infection Diagnosis (EID)
based on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the Provider Initiated Testing
and Counseling (PITC).
References
[1]
UNAIDS (2015) AIDS in Numbers. UNAIDS, Geneva, 205.
[2]
WHO (2016) Global Health Sector Response to HIV, 2000-2015. Focus on Innovations in Africa, OMS. WHO, Geneva.
[3]
Ministry of Health/Togo, DISER (2014) Third Demographic and Survey of Health, 2013-2014. Ministry of Health/Togo, Lomé, 150.
[4]
National AIDS Control Program/Togo (2016) Year 2015 Activities Report. National AIDS Control Program/Togo, Lomé.
[5]
Djadou, K.E., et al. (2010) HIV Infected Children Features at the Beginning of ART in Maritime Region of Togo. Journal de la recherche scientifique de l'Université de Lomé. Série D, 12, 201-204.
[6]
Atakouma, D.Y., Tsolenyanu, E., Gbadoe, A., Gbetoglo, V., Lawson-Evi, K., Agbere, A.R., et al. (2007) HIV Infectedchildren ART in Lome (Togo): First Results. Archive de Pédiatrie, 14, 1178-1182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2007.03.026
[7]
Ministry of Planification/Togo (2011) Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitat (RGPH): Résultats définitifs, novembre 2011. Ministry of Planification/Togo, Lomé.
[8]
Ministry of Health/Togo (2016) Central Region Health Activities Report, Year 2015. Ministry of Health/Togo, Lomé.
[9]
National AIDS Control Program/Togo (2010) National Guidelines in Pediatric HIV Infection. National AIDS Control Program/Togo, Lomé.
[10]
National AIDS Control Program/Togo (2014) National Guidelines in Global HIV Infection Care. National AIDS Control Program/Togo, Lomé.
[11]
N’goran, K.L., Ake-Assikonanmh, Ebouatkf, Bherat, K.A. and Adonis-Koffy (2016) Devenir des patients dépistés positifs au vih en hospitalisation dans le service de pédiatrie médicale du chu de yopougony service de pédiatrie médicale, chu de yopougon, abidjan 2016.
[12]
Ministry of Health/Togo (2017) Mother and Child Departement Report 2016. Ministry of Health/Togo, Lomé, 96.
[13]
UNAIDS (2013) Global Report. UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic, UNAIDS, Geneva.
[14]
Sagbo, G., d’Almeida, M., Lalya, F., Houngbo, V., Koumakpai, S. and Bilan (2009) de six ans de traitement antirétroviral chez les enfants infectés au VIH/SIDA au CNHU-HKM de Cotonou (Bénin). Revue du Cames, 9, 11-14.
[15]
Diarrassouba, G., Adonis-Koffy, L., Niamen, E., et al. (2010) Causes of Children Infected with HIV Hospitalization in Ivory Coast. Archive de Pédiatrie, 17, 168.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-693X(10)70866-6
[16]
WHO (2007) Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Paediatric HIV Care, Treatment and Support. Planning Guide.
[17]
D’almeida, M., Sagbo, G., Lalya, F., Alao, M., D’almeida, C., Agossou, J., Koumakpai, S. and Ayivi, B. (2013) Profil des enfants infectés par le VIH suivis au centre national hospitalier et universitaire (CNHU) de Cotonou. Tome, 28, 25-32.
[18]
Dicko-Traoré, F., Koné, A., Sylla, M., Diakité, A.A., Konaté, D., Konaté, Y., et al. (2013) Causes of Hospitalization among Children Infected by HIV in the Pediatric Unit of CHUU Gabriel Toure in Bamako. Tome, 27.
[19]
Sagbo, G., D’Almeida, M., Alao, J.M., Houdjahouede, A., Lalya, F., Alihonou, F., Agossou, J. and Koumakpai, S. (2011) Causes of HIV Infected Children Hospitalisation in CNHU of Cotonou. Revue Maghrébine de Pédiatrie, 21.
[20]
Gona, P., Van Dyke, R.B., Williams, P.L., Dankner, W.M., Chernoff, M.C., Nachman, S.A., et al. (2006) Incidence of Opportunistic and Other Infections in HIV Infected Children in the HAART Era. JAMA, 296, 330-331.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.3.292
[21]
DiackMbaye, A., Signate, S.Y.H., Diagne Gueye, N.R., Ba, A., Sylla, A., Diouf, S., et al. (2005) Aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques de l’infection à VIH de l’enfant au centre hospitalier national d’enfants Albert-Royer à Dakar. Archives De Pediatrie, 12, 404-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2005.01.011
[22]
Ojukwu, J.U. and Ogbu, N.C. (2007) L’infection à VIH chez les enfants hospitalisés atteints de maladies endemiques à Abakaliki au Nigéria: Le r?le du dépistage selectif clinique réalisé dans le diagnostic. AIDS Care, 19, 330-336.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120600822583
[23]
Berger, M.R., Fields-Gardner, C., Wagle, A. and Hollenbeck, C.B. (2008) Prevalence of Malnutrition in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Orphans in the Nyanza Province of Kenya: A Comparison of Conventional Indexes with a Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 108, 1014-1017.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2008.03.008
[24]
Tindyebwa, D., Kayita, J., Musoke, P., et al. (2006) Pediatric AIDS in Africa. ANECCA, 189 p.
[25]
Koueta, F., Ye, D., Dao, L., et al. (2008) Pneumopathies et infection VIH chez l’enfant au centre hospitalier universitaire pédiatrique Charlesde-Gaulle de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Cahier Santé, 18, 15.
[26]
Puthanakit, T., Aurpibul, L., Oberdorfer, P., et al. (2007) Hospitalization and Mortality among HIV Infected Children after Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 44, 599-604.
https://doi.org/10.1086/510489
[27]
Philimon, G., Van Dyke, R.B., Williams, L.P., et al. (2006) Incidence of Opportunistic and Other Infections in HIV-Infected Children in the HAART Era. JAMA, 296, 292-300. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.3.292
[28]
Ba, A., Signaté, E.H.S., Diack, A.M., et al. (2007) HIV and Tuberculosis Coinfection among Children at the National Child Hospital of Albert Royer in Dakar. Bulletin De La Societe De Pathologie Exotique, 100, 230.
[29]
Gray, D. and Zarh, H.J. (2009) Communautary Pneumonia Management among Children Infected with HIV. Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 7, 437-451.
https://doi.org/10.1586/eri.09.14
[30]
Diouf, S., Sylla, A., Diop, F., Diallo, A. and Sarr, M. (2013) Anemia with Senegalese Children in Appeared Good Health. Archives de Pédiatrie, 20, 312-313.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2012.12.014
