玉米单倍体育性的自然恢复和染色体化学加倍效果研究
Natural fertility restoration and chemical chromosome doubling of maize haploid

【目的】对单倍体不同类群组成下雌雄育性的自然恢复现象以及秋水仙素处理的浸种法、浸根法、浸芽法和注射法的加倍效果进行研究，为提高玉米单倍体加倍频率提供参考。【方法】利用自选诱导系JS6-1诱导杂种F1代J-211（Reid×Reid）、J-212（Lancaster×Lancaster）、J-213（Reid×Lancaster）产生的单倍体为材料，对单倍体育性的自然恢复和不同质量浓度（0.1，0.2，0.3，0.4，0.5，0.6 mg/mL）秋水仙素处理及其4种不同处理方法（浸种法、浸根法、浸芽法和注射法）的化学恢复效果进行研究。【结果】不同基因型材料诱导产生的单倍体雌穗的自然育性差异较大，平均结实率为46.49%，其中J－212（Lancaster×Lancaster）的结实率最高，为59.09%；J 211（Reid×Reid）的结实率最低，为33.33%。雄穗的自然育性远远低于雌穗，最高的为6.25%。秋水仙素加倍处理时，以幼苗期采用浸根法和注射法的化学恢复效果最佳，秋仙素处理的最佳条件为0.4～0.6 mg/mL秋水仙素+体积分数5%甘油+体积分数3%DMSO溶液。【结论】Lancaster×Lancaster类群基础材料的自然育性恢复力最强。秋水仙素加倍处理的最优方法为:①注射法,药剂为0.6 mg/mL秋水仙素+体积分数5%甘油+体积分数3%DMSO溶液；②浸根法，药剂为0.4 mg/mL秋水仙素+体积分数5%甘油+体积分数3%DMSO溶液。
【Objective】In this study,natural fertility restoration (NFR) and chromosome doubling of maternal maize haploid by 4 methods (seed soaking,root immersing,bud immersing and injection) were studied to improve the doubling frequency.【Method】The research selected haploid materials J-211(Reid×Reid),J-212(Lancaster×Lancaster) and J-213 (Reid×Lancaster) induced by optional parthenogenesis haploid inducer JS6-1 and the effects of NFR and chemical treatment with colchicine at mass fraction of 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,and 0.6 mg/mL by different methods (seed soaking,root immersing,bud immersing and injection) were compared.【Result】There were large differences in natural fertility of ears from the haploid induction of different genotypes with average haploid ears of 46.49%.J-212 (Lancaster×Lancaster) had the highest value of 59.09% while J-211 (Reid×Reid) had the lowest value of 33.33%.The NFR of haploid tassel was much lower with the highest value of 6.25%.Root immersing and injection of colchicine were the best methods and the best condition was 0.4-0.6 mg/mL colchicine mixed with 5% glycerine and 3% DMSO.【Conclusion】The NFR of haploids with the genotype of Lancaster×Lancaster was the strongest.The optimal conditions for doubling with colchicine were:①injection with 0.6 mg/mL colchicine,5% glycerine and 3% DMSO,and ②root immersing with 0.4 mg/mL colchicine,5% glycerine and 3%DMSO