全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
地球学报  2011 

放射性废物处置研究进展

DOI: 10.3975/cagsb.2011.05.09

Keywords: 放射性废物处置,水文地质,环境影响评价,核素运移试验,核素运移模型

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

放射性废物的处置是制约核能可持续发展的关键因素,目前已成为国际社会关注的热点问题之一。针对处置场地核素运移污染的风险问题,对放射性废物的处置及其选址、核素运移试验和核素运移模型进行了回顾和论述。指出采用多重屏障系统进行放射性废物的处置,其安全性是可以得到保障的;处置场的选址应遵循就近原则,并应从环境水文地质的角度来构建场地的选址及评价体系;核素运移试验应注重室内试验和原位试验相结合,以保证所得结果和参数的可靠性;核素运移模型研究经历了由对流-弥散模型→Kd模型→多组分反应性模型的发展阶段,并取得了重要进展,但在处理非均质介质和非均质反应、矿物溶解-沉淀与水动力行为的相互影响以及稳定性和实际应用能力等方面还亟待提高。我国放射性废物的处置与研究较为滞后,需在处置场选址规范体系、核素运移试验以及模拟技术等方面取得突破和提高。

References

[1]  SMITH P A;ALEXANDER W R;KICKMAIER W;OTA K FRIEG B MCKINLEY I G Development and testing of radionuclide transport models for fractured rock:examples from the Nagra/JNC Radionuclide Migration Programme in the Grimsel Test Site,Switzerland [J] 2001(2-4) doi:10.1016/S0169-7722(00)00161-3
[2]  SAMPER J;YI S;NAVES A,Analysis of the parameter identifiability of the in situ diffusion and retention (DR) experiments,Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/B/C,2010(6-8).
[3]  SAMPER J;YANG C;NAVES A;YLLERA A,HERNANDEZ A,MOLINERO J,SOLER J M,HERNAN P,MAYOR J C,ASTUDILLO J,A fully 3-D anisotropic numerical model of the DI-B in situ diffusion experiment in the Opalinus clay formation,Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Parts A/B/C,2006(10-14).
[4]  RUDENKO L I;KHAN V E;PANASYUK N L,Physicochemical Study of the Mechanism of Radionuclide Migration from the Shelter Objecter and Its Service Area to Groundwater,Radiochemistry(Moscow Russian Federation),2003(03).
[5]  QIAN Tian-wei;LI Shu-shen;WU Gui-bin.Advances in study on transport models of multicomponent reacting solutes in groundwater[J].Advances In Water Science,2002(01)
[6]  PALUT J M;MONTARNAL P;GAUTSCHI A;TEVISSEN E MOUCHE E,Characterisation of HTO diffusion properties by an in situ tracer experiment in Opalinus clay at Mornt Terri,Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2003(1-4).
[7]  NAS-NRC,The Disposal of Radioactive Waste on Land.Report of the Committee on Waste Disposal of the Division of Earth Sciences,1957.
[8]  LIU Ping-hui;GUAN Tai-yang;WANG Yong;HUANG Guo-fu YU Yun-xiang,Development and Current Situation on Geological Disposal of Low and Intermediate-Level Waste on Land,Journal of East China Geological Institute,2000(03).
[9]  LIU Guang-shan;LI Dong-mei;YI Yong;LIU Su-mei BAI Jie ZHANG Jin.Radionuclide distribution in sediments and and sedimentary rates in the Jiaozhou Bay[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2008(06)
[10]  PU Yong-Ning;FAN Xuan-lin;HAN Guo-sheng;LIU Yan,OU Hong,Discussion on the disposal of LILW in China,Beijing:China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House,2005.
[11]  H. Prommer ;DA Barry ;C. Zheng,MODFLOW/MT3DMS-Based Reactive Multicomponent Transport Modeling,Ground Water?,2003, 41(2).
[12]  A. Yllera ;A. Hernandez ;M. Mingarro ;A. Quejido ;L.A. Sedano ;J.M. Soler ;J. Samper ;J. Molinero ;J.M. Barcala ;P.L. Martin ;M. Fernandez ;P. Wersin ;P. Rivas ;P. Hernan,DI-B experiment: planning, design and performance of an in situ diffusion experiment in the Opalinus Clay formation,Applied Clay Science?,2004, 26(1/4).
[13]  Man-Sung Yim ;Scott A. Simonson,Performance Assessment Models for Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Facilities: A Review,Progress in Nuclear Energy?,2000, 36(1).
[14]  VAN LOON L R;BAEYENS B;BRADBURY M H,The sorption behaviour of caesium on Opalinus Clay:A comparison between intact and crushed material,Applied Geochemistry,2009.
[15]  VAN DER LEE J,HYTEC, un modèle couplé hydro-géochimique de migration de polluants et de collo(l)des.Technical Report LHMrRDr97r02,CIG,(E)cole des Mines de Paris,Fontainebleau,France,1997.
[16]  VAN DER LEE J;DE WINDT L,Present state and future directions of modelling of geochemistry in hydrogeological systems,Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2001(2-4).
[17]  ZHENG C;WANG P,PMT3DMS: A Modular Three-Dimensional Multi-Species Model for Simulation of Advection.Dispersion and Chemical Reactions of Contaminants in Groundwater Systems:Documentation and User\'s Guide.SERDP-99-1,U.S.Army Engineer Research and Development Center,Vicksburg,MS,1999.
[18]  ZHENG C;BENNETT G D,Applied Contaminant Transport Modeling,New York:John Wiley and Sons,Inc,2002.
[19]  MCKINLEY I G,Int Conf Chem and Migration Behavior of Ac and Fish Abst No:129/1,Munich:Prod in Geosphere,1987.
[20]  KITTEL J H,NEAR-SRUFACE LAND DISPOSAL,Radioactive Waste Management Handbook (volume 1),Chur·London·Paris·New York·Melbourne:Harwood Academic Publishers,1989.
[21]  KICKMAIER W;MCKINLEY I,A review of research carried out in European rock laboratories,Nuclear Enginceering and Design,1997(1-2).
[22]  KARASAKI K;APPS J;DOUGHTY C Feature Detection,Characterization and Confirmation Methodology: Final Report.Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory:LBNL Paper LBNL-1358E 2009
[23]  JIN Yue-ru;ZHANG Xiu-zhen;MA Ru-wei;FAN Yao-guo,MAO Yong,XIA Xiao-bin,HAN Yue-qin,GUO Cai-ping,Direct measurement of radionuclide activities in migration experiments in soils,Radiation Protection Bullitin,1994(04).
[24]  HADERMANN J;HEER W The Grimsel (Switzerland) migration experiment:integrating field experiments,laboratory investigations and modelling [J] 1996(1-4) doi:10.1016/0169-7722(95)00035-6
[25]  GUO Ze-de;WANG Zhi-ming;LI Shu-shen;JIANG Gang HUANG Qing-chun YANG Duan-jie TANAKA T MUKAI M KAMIYAMA H.Field test of radionuclide migration in loess aerated zone[J].Radiation Protection,2000(1-2)
[26]  GRINDROD P;TAKASE H,Reactive chemical transport within engineered barriers,Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,1996(1-4).
[27]  GILLHAM R W;CHERRY J A,Contaminant Migration in Saturated Unconsolidated Geologic Deposits,Geological Society of America Special Paper,1982.
[28]  SU Rui;LI Chun-jiang;WANG Ju;GAO Hong-cheng.A Mathematical Model for Radionuclide Transport in Single Fractured Granite Ⅲ.Diffusion Model and Solution by Finite Element Method[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2000(02)
[29]  ZHENG C,Recent developments and future directions for MT3DMS and Related Transport Codes,Ground Water,2009(05).
[30]  REARDON E J Kd\'s-Can they be used to describe reversible ion sorption reaction in contaminant migration [J] 1981(03) doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1981.tb03472.x
[31]  GARC(I)A-GUTI(E)RREZ M;CORMENZANA J L;MISSANA T;MINGARRO M MART(I)NA P L,Large-scale laboratory diffusion experiments in clay rocks,Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006(10-14).
[32]  GAO Bai;SUN Zhan-xue;WANG Guang-cai;ZHANG Wen LIU Jin-hui WU Wen-zhen.The Delineation of Ore Bodies in Sandstone Type Uranium Deposits by U and Th Concentrations and Their Radioisotopes[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2006(06)
[33]  FRICK U;ALEXANDER W R;BAEYENS B;BOSSART P,BRADBURY M H,B(U)HLER C,EIKENBERG J,FIERZ T,HEER W,H(O)HN E,Mckinley I G,SMITH P A,Grimsel Test Site:The radionuclide migration experimentoverview of investigations 1985-1990.Nagra Technical Report Series NTB 91-04,Nagra,Wettingen,Switzerland,1992.
[34]  DARBAN A K;YONG R N;RAVAJ S,Coupled chemical speciation-solute transport model for prediction of solute transport in clay buffers,Applied Clay Science,2008.
[35]  CHENG H P;YEH G T,Development and demonstrative application of a 3-D numerical model of subsurface flow,heat transfer,and reactive chemical transport:3D hydrogeochem,Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,1998(1-2).
[36]  MA R;ZHENG C;PROMMER H;GRESKOWIAK J,LIU C,ZACHARA J,ROCKHOLD M,A field-scale reactive transport model for U(VI) migration influenced by coupled multirate mass transfer and surface complexation reactions,Water Resources Research,2010.
[37]  LIU C W;NARASIMHAN T N,Redox-controlled multiplespecies reactive chemical transport:2.Verification and application,Water Resources Research,1989(05).
[38]  LI Shu-shen;WANG Zhi-ming;ZHAO Ying-jie;LI Zhen-tang GUO Ze-de GUO Liang-tian XU Zhao-yi YANG Cheng-yong.Technical requirements for construction of underground research facility used for nuclide migration test in aqiufer[J].Radiation Protection,2002(04)
[39]  LI Shu-shen;NI Shi-wei;GUO Ze-de;CHENG Ping WANG Zhi-ming HAN Xin-sheng YAO Lai-gen CAI Yun.Simulation experiments for migration of 237Np、 238Pu and 241Am in aerate zone loess[J].Radiation Protection,2004(06)
[40]  LI Jin-xuan.Single Fracture Nuclide Transport Model Under Time-Varying Groundwater Conditions[J].Site Investigation Science and Technology,2001(06)
[41]  LI Chun-jiang;YANG Tian-xing,A Mathematical Model for Radionuclide Migration in Single Fractured Granite:Ⅰ.Analytical Solution for A Continuous Injection Experiment,Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,1998(04).
[42]  HANK W;HEINONEN J;BONNE A,Radioactive Waste Disposal:Global Experience and Challenges,IAEA Bulletin,1997(01).
[43]  CHEN Jia-jun;DAI Jie;GUO Ze-de;ZHAO Ying-jie,Study on the numerical models on the nonequilibrium sorption of radionuclide,Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,1994(02).
[44]  BRADBURY M H;STEPHEN I G,Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management IX,Pittsburg:Material Research Society,1985.
[45]  刘广山;李冬梅;易勇;刘素美 白洁 张经.胶州湾沉积物的放射性核素含量分布与沉积速率[J].地球学报,2008(06)
[46]  李书绅;王志明;赵英杰;李祯堂 郭择德 郭亮天 许兆义 杨成永,建造用于含水层中核紊迁移试验的地下研究设施的技术要求,辐射防护,2002(04).
[47]  BERNER U,Geochemical modelling of repository systems:limitations of the thermodynamic approach,Radiochimica Acta,1998.
[48]  BEAR J,On the tensor form of dispersion in porous media,Journal of Geophysical Research,1961(04).
[49]  APPELO C A J;WERSIN P,Multicomponent diffusion modeling in clay systems with application to the diffusion of Tritium,Iodide,and Sodium in Opalinus Clay,Environmental Science and Technology,2007(14).
[50]  叶明吕;陆誓俊;秦春扣;许丽红 何阿弟 唐志华 徐国庆 范选林 顾绮芳 杜志超,放射性锶在沸石中的吸附与迁移研究,核化学与放射化学,1994(04).
[51]  王志明;李书绅;刘春立;姜凌 杨月娥 江洪 李冰 李丹.核素在弱含水层三维迁移的现场示踪试验[J].原子能科学技术,2003(02)
[52]  王榕树;冯为,放射性核素在地质介质中的迁移研究,核化学与放射化学,1994(02).
[53]  王青海;王兰生;李晓红.基岩裂隙水中90Sr迁移的数值模拟[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2004(03)
[54]  王金生;李书绅;王志明;郭择德 陈家军,核素迁移的二维非平衡吸附数值模式研究,应用生态学报,1996(01).
[55]  苏锐;李春江;王驹;高宏成.花岗岩体单裂隙中核素迁移数学模型Ⅲ.扩散模型及其有限单元法解[J].核化学与放射化学,2000(02)
[56]  钱天伟;李书绅;武贵宾.地下水多组分反应溶质迁移模型的研究进展[J].水科学进展,2002(01)
[57]  浦永宁;范选林;韩国胜;刘艳,欧红,对我国低中放固体废物处置的若干问题的探讨,北京:中国学术期刊电子杂志出版社,2005.
[58]  刘平辉;管太阳;王勇;黄国夫 余运祥.陆地中低放核废物地质处置的发展与现状[J].华东地质学院学报,2000(03)
[59]  李书绅;倪世伟;郭择德;程萍,王志明,韩新生,姚来根,蔡匀.237Np、238pu和241Am在包气带黄土中迁移的模拟实验[J].辐射防护,2004(06)
[60]  李金轩.非恒定流条件下单裂隙核素迁移模型[J].勘察科学技术,2001(06)
[61]  李春江;杨天行,花岗岩体单裂隙中核素迁移数学模型:Ⅰ.连续注入实验解析模型,核化学与放射化学,1998(04).
[62]  金月如;张秀珍;马如维;樊耀国,毛永,夏晓彬,韩月琴,郭彩萍,土壤中核素迁移实验示踪核素活度分布的直接测定,辐射防护通讯,1994(04).
[63]  郭择德;王志明;李书绅;姜钢 黄庆春 杨端节 田中忠夫 向井雅之 神山秀雄,黄土包气带中放射性核素迁移的现场试验,辐射防护,2000(1-2).
[64]  高柏;孙占学;王广才;张文 刘金辉 吴文珍.砂岩铀矿体定位条件的铀、钍含量及其放射性同位素研究[J].地球学报,2006(06)
[65]  陈家军;戴杰;郭择德;赵英杰,非平衡吸附放射性核素迁移数值模型研究,水文地质工程地质,1994(02).
[66]  WANG Zhi-ming;LI Shu-shen;LIU Chun-li;JIANG Ling YANG Yue-e JIANG Hong LI Bing LI Dan.Three-dimension Migration Test of Radio-nuclides in Weak Phreatic Aquifer[J].Atomic Energy Scicence and Technology,2003(02)
[67]  WANG Rong-shu;FENG Wei,The Study on Radionuclide Migration in Geologic Media,Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,1994(02).
[68]  WANG Qing-hai;WANG Lan-sheng;LI Xiao-hong.Numerical simulation of the 90Sr migration in fissure water[J].Journal of Jifin University(Earth Science Edition),2004(03)
[69]  WANG Ju,The disposal of HLW in China,Beijing:Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology,2009.
[70]  WANG Jin-sheng;LI Shu-shen;WANG Zhi-ming;GUO Ze-de CHEN Jia-jun,Study on the 2D numerical model for nonequilibrium sorption,Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,1996(01).
[71]  YEH G T;TRIPATHI V S,A model for simulating transport of reactive multispecies components:model development and demonstration,Water Resources Research,1991(12).
[72]  YE Ming-lü;LU Shi-jun;QIN Chun-kou;XU Li-hong HE A-di TANG Zhi-hua XU Guo-qing FAN Xuan-lin GU Qi-fang DU Zhi-chao,Investigation of Sorption and Migration of Radioactive Strontium on Clinoptilolite and Mordenite,Chinese Journal of Nuclear Science and Engineering,1994(04).
[73]  XU T;PRUESS K;BRIMHALL G,An improved equilibrium-kinetics speciation algorithm for redox reactions in variably saturated subsurface flow systems,Computers & Geosciences,1999(06).
[74]  WERSIN P;VAN LOON L R;SOLER J M;YLLERA A,EIKENBERG J,GIMMI TH,HERN(A)N P,BOISSON J Y,Long-term Diffusion Experiment at Moat Terri:First Results from Field and Laboratory Data,Applied Clay Science,2004(1-4).

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133