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地质论评  2011 

五大连池老黑山、火烧山火山岩屑崩落堆积的发现及其喷发历史和模式的重塑

Keywords: 火山,老黑山、火烧山火山,岩屑崩落堆积,小丘,喷发模式,五大连池世界地质公园

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Abstract:

黑龙江五大连池世界地质公园的老黑山、火烧山火山岩屑崩落(debrisavalanche)形成小丘状沉积。老黑山火山西面、东面和东南面有数十座小丘,火烧山火山北面和东北面也有数十座小丘。最大的小丘高约17m,基座直径50m以上。最远的小丘距火山2km。小丘为崩落堆积的岩块相,由巨大的崩落岩块组成。崩落岩块为灰紫色玄武质火山集块岩、火山角砾岩,岩石类型与老黑山、火烧山锥体基部暴露出来的灰紫色玄武质火山集块岩、火山角砾岩一致,示明这些沉积来自两火山的岩屑崩落。大多数崩落岩块强烈破碎;但有的崩落岩块仍保存锥体的原始层理。这些岩块裂隙发育并有小断层。中更新世火山老黑山(0?16Ma)和火烧山于公元1720~1721年再次爆发。两火山首先山崩,形成岩屑崩落堆积和小丘状地形,火山基部残留有山崩遗迹;山崩为熔岩溢流打开通道,接踵喷涌出石海般的渣状熔岩和绳状熔岩;最后以斯通博里式喷发柱熄灭,铸成老黑山、火烧山火山渣锥、铺就火山碎屑席。火山喷发模式为:岩屑崩落(debrisavalanche)―熔岩溢流(lavaflows)―斯通博里式喷发柱(Stromboliancolumn)。文章还讨论了岩屑崩落及与其相关联的火山碎屑流和火山泥流等灾害。

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