Kuo, H. L., On formation and intensification of tropical cyclones through latentheat release by cumulus convec-tion, J. Atmos. Sci., 1965,22, 40~63.
[3]
Lacis, A. A. and J. E. Hansen, A parameterization for the absorption of solarradiation in the earth'satmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 1974, 32, 118~133.
[4]
Harshvardhan, R. D., D. A. Randall and T. G. Corsetti, A fast radiationparameterization for general circula-tion models, J. Geophys. Rea., 1987, 92, 1009~1016.
[5]
Xue Y., P. J. Sellers, T. L. Kinter and J. Shukla, A simplified biosphere model forclimate studies, J. Climate,1991, 4, 343~ 364.
Schlesinger, M. E. and W. L. Gates, The January and July performance of the OSUtwo-level atmospheric gen-eral circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 1980, 37, 1914~1943.
[9]
Christian, H. J., R. J. Blakeslee and D. J. Boccippio et al., Global frequency anddistribution of lightning as ob-served by optical transient detector(OTD ), Proceedings ofllth International Conference on Atmospheric Elec-tricity, Guntersville, Alabama, USA,June 7~11, 1999.
[10]
Turman, B. N. and B. C. Edgar, Global lightning distributions at dawn and dusk, J.Geophys. Res., 1982, 87,1191 ~ 1206.
[11]
Price, C. and D. Rind, Modeling global lightning distributions in a generalcirculation model, Mon. Wea. Rev.,1994, 122(8), 1930~ 1939,
[12]
Kotaki, M. and C. Katoh, The global distribution of thunderstorm activity observedby the Ionospheric Sound-ing Satellite(ISS-b), J. Atmos. Terr. Phys.,1983, 45, 833~847.
[13]
Williams, E. R., Global circuit response to seasonal variations in global surfaceair temperature, Mon. Wea.Rev., 1994, 122(8), 1917~ 1929.
[14]
Price, C., Global surface temperature and the atmospheric electrical circuit,Geophys. Res. Lett., 1993, 20(13),1363~ 1366.
[15]
Williams, E. R. and N. Renno, An analysis of the conditional in stability of thetropical atmosphere, Mon. Wea.Rev., 1993, 121, 21~36.