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大气科学  2001 

赤道东太平洋海温正异常对西太平洋副高影响的数值模拟研究

DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2001.02.01

Keywords: 西太平洋,副热带高压,内部动力过程,海温异常

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Abstract:

利用LASG九层大气环流谱模式及IAP两层大气环流模式,模拟研究了不同持续时间的赤道东太平洋海表温度正异常(海表温度异常的持续时间分别为1月份,1~2月份,1~4月份及1~8月份,其他月份为气候SST)对西太平洋副高的影响。结果表明,尽管海表温度异常的持续时间不同,但其引起的西太平洋副高的异常演变及其分布却十分相似;同时,季风区的异常降水(进而异常潜热释放)随时间的演变及其分布也存在一定的相似性(对应于不同持续时间的赤道东太平洋的海表温度正异常,5月份印度洋至西太平洋地区都表现出赤道辐合带北移偏晚的特征);季风区降水的这种变化同西太平副高的异常是一致的,从而揭示出这两种现象有可能存在着某种联系。结果还表明,导致这种大气响应场对赤道东太平洋海表温度异常持续时间不敏感的一个重要原因是大气内部过程的影响:中纬大气的内部Rossby波源维持了热带地区激发的扰动在中高纬的存在,同时大气内部Rossby波源对赤道太平洋地区的海表温度异常持续时间表现出不敏感性,正是由于这种不敏感性才导致了响应场对赤道太平洋地区海表温度异常持续时间的不敏感性。模拟结果还表明,在夏季赤道东太平洋存在海表温度正异常的情况,尽管大气内部动力过程的作用十分重要,但夏季赤道东太平洋海表温度正异常对夏季西太平洋副高的影响却明显存在,因此,基于赤道太平洋地区海表温度异常的夏季西太平洋副高的可预报性受到赤道东太平洋海表温度正异常及大气内部动力过程的双重影响。模式的依赖性研究表明,模拟结果具有一定的普遍性。

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